Evaluation of Adding Lidocaine to Dexamethasone in Intra-tympanic Injection for Management of Tinnitus

Introduction Tinnitus is a heterogeneous diagnosis that may occur alone, in the presence of hearing loss, or as a component of other disorders and can be quite disabling. Tinnitus has been estimated to affect over 10% of population.1 Attempts to treat and classify tinnitus date back to ancient Egypt. The Ebers Papyrus includes great detail regarding the "treatment for a bewitched ear'' Infusion of medicine into the ear were common at this time. (2500 BC).2 It is more prevalent in patients between the ages of 50 and 70 years, with men over 65 years being afflicted more often than women of similar age. 3-4 Tinnitus has complex pathophysiology which is difficult to understand and investigate. Many studies have indicated that, it usually occurs due to redirection of information and the role of the non-classical auditory pathways, changes in synaptic efficacy can open connections in the CNS that are normally not conducting and that can redirect information in the CNS. 5 Subjective tinnitus is conscious perception of phantom sound, which is audible by the patients only and affects their routine life. Many therapies and drugs have been used in the treatment of tinnitus, such as dietary modification, tinnitus retraining therapy, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and herbal medicines. However, no significant improvement has been found in the majority of the patients treated by these therapies or drugs. Various attempts have been made to treat peripheral tinnitus since the 1940s, by way of intra tympanic injection. This administration procedure requires only low concentrations of medication and comes with minimal systemic exposure thus avoiding serious systemic side effects. 6 Intra-tympanic treatment of tinnitus with Lidocaine, Corticosteroids and\or Aminoglycosides has been used to treat disabling symptoms of tinnitus with different results. 7 Intra-tympanic drug perfusion, has been successively used to treat tinnitus since the 1990s.4 Lidocaine (Xylocaine), also called lignocaine, is a potent local anesthetic agent, widely used both topical and injection anesthesia. The mechanism of action of Lidocaine on the auditory system in the subjective tinnitus is controversial as it has central and peripheral action. 7 Therefore, this study was designed in a prospective randomized controlled fashion to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding Lidocaine to dexamethasone in treatment of idiopathic subjective tinnitus.

Methods:

Trial Designs Two identical, prospective, double-blind controlled Single center randomized clinical trials assessed the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of adding Lidocaine to dexamethasone in intratympanic injection in patients with idiopathic subjective tinnitus (age range 30 to 63 years). The study design and consent forms were approved by the research ethics committee of Tanta university hospitals. The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and a written informed consent was obtained from every patient who agreed to participate in the study.

The study was carried out on 44 patients suffering from prominent unilateral idiopathic subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus (IST) attending to the outpatient clinic of otorhinolaryngology department of the Tanta University Hospital, from March 2015 to October 2015. They were 18 male and 26 female, with age ranged from 30 to 63 years old (mean 48.909±7.758). Patients were equally divided into two groups (A and B). Group A was injected by combined Lidocaine 2% and dexamethasone 8mg/2ml. Group B was injected only by dexamethasone 8mg/2ml. Exclusion criteria included Extreme age, pulsatile tinnitus, objective tinnitus and ear inflammation.

Randomization and Trial Intervention Every patient was given a code number in the study to keep his personal information confidential. Adequate provisions to maintain privacy of participants and confidentiality of data were taken into consideration. To avoid selection bias, each candidate, who signed an informed consent for participation in the study, was given a number from one to forty four. For every two consecutive patients; the first was enrolled in group A and the second was enrolled in group B till the end of the 44 patients.