Effect of Mirror Therapy on the Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation-related Pain and Anxiety: A Prospective, Single Blind Randomized Controlled Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 54
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change From Baseline Fistula Cannulation Related Pain
研究概览
简要总结
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are frequently used to reduce cannulation-related pain in patients with fistulas. Non-pharmacological approaches have been more favored than pharmacological approaches for some reasons, including ease of use and fewer side effects. Patients describe worry about the success of needling and resigned acceptance of pain and anxiety about dialysis needles. With this background in mind, mirror therapy has been introduced as one of the non-pharmacological interventions in the domain of pain management.
详细描述
Patients undergoing hemodialysis experience pain, anxiety and stress due to large-gauge needle punctures necessary to ensure efficient arteriovenous fistula flow. In addition, anxiety disorders are prevalent in hemodialysis patients, primarily caused by invasive procedures and dialysis machine alarm sounds. Patients describe worry about the success of needling and resigned acceptance of pain and anxiety about dialysis needles. Therefore, when performing an AVF puncture, nursing care should prioritise the management of pain and anxiety. With this background in mind, mirror therapy has been introduced as one of the non-pharmacological interventions in the domain of pain management. It has been reported that viewing the picture of a healthy limb could moderate pain perception in the affected one
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 75 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Patients aged 18 years and older
- •Patients who received hemodialysis (HD) treatment with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for at least 3 months
- •Patients receiving HD treatment 3 days a week for 4 hours each session
- •Patients with a pain score of ⩾1 during AVF cannulation, measured by a visual analog scale (VAS)
- •Patients able to communicate in Turkish
- •Patients without psychiatric disorders that impair communication
- •Patients who agreed to participate in the study
排除标准
- •Patients who were known to present difficulties with fistula cannulation (requiring multiple cannulations)
- •Patients with a history of hematoma or stenosis in the arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
- •Patients with an infection at the fistula site
- •Patients who took painkillers within 3 hours prior to treatment
- •Patients unable to maintain a sitting position on the bed
- •Patients with low vision or visual disturbances (30 cm or less)
- •Patients who did not wish to participate in the study
研究组 & 干预措施
Mirror Therapy
For mirror therapy, a 50×40 cm mirror will be used. The patient will be positioned in a semi-sitting position at a 45° angle in bed, with the mirror placed on the side of the body where the access will be made. The arm with the fistula will be positioned behind the mirror. The position will be standardized so that the patient's thumb is 30 cm away from the mirror. The arm without the fistula will be supported with a pillow underneath to facilitate the patient's view in the mirror, positioned next to the patient. After observing their arm in the mirror for 15 minutes, the cannulation procedure will be performed.
干预措施: Mirror Therapy (Other)
Routine Therapy
The routine procedure was performed. The fistula puncture was performed by the same nurse throughout the study.
结局指标
主要结局
Change From Baseline Fistula Cannulation Related Pain
时间窗: Up to 2 weeks (3 hemodialysis sessions in a week)
It will be assessed six times at the end of the dialysis session with Visual Analogue Scale. Visual Analogue Scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Pain increases the score increases. The high point describes bad outcome
Change From Baseline Anxiety at Six Sessions
时间窗: Up to 2 weeks ( 3 hemodialysis sessions in a week)
It will be assessed with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. This scale, which has a two-factor structure is comprised of 40 items. Twenty of these items assess the state anxiety status and the other 20 items assess trait anxiety. Each item is scored on a four-point scale. Total score ranges between 20 and 80 for anxiety. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Nurten Ozen
Associate Professor
Istanbul University