Pictorial Warning Labels & Memory for Relative & Absolute Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time in Adult Smokers
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 3,213
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- numeric risk recognition
研究概览
简要总结
Pictorial cigarette warning labels (PWLs) are thought to increase risk knowledge, but experimental research has not examined PWLs' longer term effects on memory for health risks. In this study, adult smokers are repeatedly exposed to text-only vs. low arousal graphic vs. high arousal graphic warning labels paired with numeric risk information. This study will allow the investigators to assess the extent to which reactions to warnings remain consistent over time and influence smoking risk perceptions and quit intentions. The investigators will also assess the impact of graphic images on memory for smoking risk information presented in absolute (a smoker's lifetime risk of getting a smoking related disease) versus relative (a smoker's risk of getting a smoking related disease, compared to the risk of non-smokers) formats.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Factorial
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 19 Years 至 64 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •have smoked 100+ lifetime cigarettes
- •currently smoke "every day" or "some days."
排除标准
- •have not ever smoked a cigarette
研究组 & 干预措施
Text-only PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: absolute risk (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: relative risk (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: low arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: absolute risk (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: low arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: relative risk (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: high arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: absolute risk (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: high arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
干预措施: relative risk (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
numeric risk recognition
时间窗: measured immediately following last exposure
Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.
次要结局
- numeric risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- relative risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- smoking risk perceptions(measured after 6-week delay)
- quit intentions (for next 30 days)(measured after 6-week delay)
- quit intentions (for next year)(measured after 6-week delay)
- feelings about smoking(measured after 6-week delay)
- relative risk recognition(measured immediately following last exposure)
- smoking risk perceptions(measured immediately following last exposure)
- quit intentions (for next 30 days)(measured immediately following last exposure)
- quit intentions (for next year)(measured immediately following last exposure)
- risk recognition(measured immediately following last exposure)
- feelings about smoking(measured immediately following last exposure)
研究者
Ellen Peters
Professor
Ohio State University