Effectiveness of Chocolate Milk in Recovery Among Elite Kayakers: A Metabolic and Inflammatory Perspectives
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 30
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Changes from baseline in acid-base balance -total blood saturation (cSO2) level.
研究概览
简要总结
Kayaking requires high energy expenditure and optimal metabolic adaptation for performance and recovery. While research on other sports exists, the effects of chocolate milk on kayakers' recovery remain unexplored.
Intensive kayaking induces physical stress, necessitating precise energy balance monitoring. This study evaluates metabolic and inflammatory markers, including glucose, glycogen, insulin, creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6), ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY, peripheral blood morphology, and blood gas parameters to assess fatigue and recovery.
Chocolate milk, with its ideal carbohydrate-to-protein ratio, supports glycogen replenishment, muscle repair, hydration, and oxidative stress reduction. Studies suggest it may outperform commercial sports drinks in endurance recovery by limiting muscle damage, inflammation, and improving acid-base balance.
Findings will reveal whether chocolate milk enhances energy recovery, reduces muscle damage, and mitigates inflammation, contributing to endurance sports nutrition strategies
详细描述
Kayaking, as an endurance discipline, is associated with high energy expenditure and the need to optimize metabolic and hormonal processes in order to maximize efficiency and effective regeneration. Intense physical effort leads to significant changes in muscle metabolism and triggers an inflammatory response in the body. Such large loads require precise monitoring of energy balance and effective regeneration strategies. In the context of such intensive activity, monitoring biochemical indicators becomes crucial. They will allow for the assessment of the degree of fatigue and the course of regeneration processes. As part of the project, key metabolic and inflammatory indicators will be analyzed, such as glucose, glycogen and insulin levels, which will allow for the assessment of the efficiency of energy resource management. In addition, muscle damage indicators will be monitored, such as creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which will allow for the assessment of fatigue and regeneration processes in athletes.
Acid-base balance, a crucial factor in buffering lactic acid and oxygen transport to muscles, will be analyzed via blood gasometry (ABG). Lactic acid (LA) levels will also be monitored as a key fatigue indicator. Blood morphology analysis will complement the study, assessing the impact of intense exercise and recovery strategies on the hematopoietic and immune systems.
Chocolate milk is increasingly recognized as an effective recovery drink due to its optimal carbohydrate-to-protein ratio (approximately 3:1 or 4:1), promoting rapid glycogen replenishment and muscle fiber repair. Studies suggest that post-exercise chocolate milk consumption may be as effective, or even superior, to commercial sports drinks, particularly in endurance recovery. Additionally, chocolate milk provides high-quality milk protein, electrolytes (calcium, potassium, sodium), and lipids, supporting hydration homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress post-exercise. This combination may limit muscle damage, reduce inflammation (lower CK and IL-6 levels), and improve acid-base balance, making chocolate milk a viable nutritional strategy for endurance athletes.
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chocolate milk in kayakers' recovery by analyzing metabolic, inflammatory, and hematological markers, thus determining its potential role in optimizing endurance sports nutrition strategies.
Changes in glucose, glycogen, insulin, CK, IL-6, grhelin, leptin, peptide YY, peripheral blood morphology, and blood gas parameters will be analyzed to better understand recovery and adaptation mechanisms influenced by chocolate milk consumption. Also, the project results may provide a basis for further research on the role of appetite hormones in sports recovery, which is a relatively new area of research in sports dietetics, and have a significant impact on new strategies to support athletes' performance.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None (Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 14 Years 至 22 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Lack of consent for blood sampling,
- •injuries, health issues,
- •anti-inflammatory drugs,
- •performance-enhancing substances,
- •supplements within the last 3 months before the start of the study.
排除标准
- •consent to participate in the study,
- •regular training regimen,
- •current medical examinations,
- •no health contraindications.
结局指标
主要结局
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance -total blood saturation (cSO2) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of cSO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - urea level.
时间窗: Day 1:At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of urea \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - crea level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of crea \[mg/dl\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - hematocrit [hct] level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of hct \[%\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - hemoglobin [chgb] level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of chgb \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - glucose [glu] level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of glu \[mg/dl\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in Glycogen level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of glycogen \[ng/mL\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit
Changes from baseline Insulin level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption..
Concentration of insulin \[μIU/mL\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit
Changes from baseline Creatine kinase activity (CK) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concetration of CK \[ng/ml\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit
Changes from baseline interleukin-6 (Il-6) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of Il-6 \[pg/mL\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit
Changes from baseline in lactic acid (LA) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concetration of LA \[mmol/l\]. Using a portable biochemical photometer Vario Photometer II (Diaglobal, Berlin, Germany) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Baseline Appetite Assessment of Athletes Before Exercise Test Using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
时间窗: Day 1: At rest, after the exercise test.
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measures subjective appetite sensations-linear scale from one to 10 where 10 is the strongest feeling.
Changes from baseline in leptin (LEP) level.
时间窗: Day 1:At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Satiety regulation marker. Concentration of leptin \[pg/ml\].ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions.
Changes from baseline in peptide YY (PYY) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Satiety regulation marker. Concentration of leptin \[pg/ml\]. ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions.
Changes from baseline in ghrelin (GHRL) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Hunger regulation marker. Concentration of GHRL \[pg/ml\].ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions.
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - urea nitrogen (BUN) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of BUN \[ml/dl\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - anion gap (AGAP) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of AGAP \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - excess base in extracellular fluid (BE ecf) level.
时间窗: Day1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of Be ecf \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - sodium (Na) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of Na \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - calcium (Ca) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of Ca \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - potassium (K) level
时间窗: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of K \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - chlorine (Cl) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of Cl \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - bicarbonate level (cHCO3).
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of cHCO3 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - total plasma CO2 (tCO2) level.
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of tCO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of pCO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - partial pressure of oxygen (pO2)
时间窗: Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.
Concentration of pO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).
次要结局
- Antropometric characteristic - height(Day 1 after overall fast)
- Antropometric characteristic - weight(Day 1 after overall fast)
- Antropometric characteristic - LBM(Day 1 after overall fast)
- Antropometric characteristic - TBW(Day 1 after overall fast)
- Antropometric characteristic - Water%(Day 1 after overall fast)
- Antropometric characteristic - FAT(Day 1 after overall fast)
- Food record - energy(Day before the Day 1)
- Food record - protein(Day before the Day 1)
- Food record - carobhydrates(Day before the Day 1)
- Food record - fiber(Day before the Day 1)
- Food record - fat(Day before the Day 1)
- Peripheral blood morphology(At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.)
研究者
Anna Kasperska
PhD
Poznan University of Physical Education