Differential Effects of High-frequency Versus Low-frequency Exercise Training in Adolescents With Elevated Depressive Symptoms.

Depression is a mental disorder that affects millions of people globally every year. This mental health issue is particularly prominent in adolescents populations, where depression has been found to increase at a greater rate than in adults over the last decade. In concrete terms, the global current prevalence of depressive disorders (major depressive disorder and dysthymia) is about 7-8% in adults worldwide, whereas it is around 12% among adolescents.

Depression is characterized by a limited capacity to inhibit negative emotions and a dampening of positive affective and emotional reactions.

There is strong evidence that physical activity increases pleasant-activated states like excitement and vigor both immediately following a bout of exercise and more accumulatively, and some studies show that physical activity enhances pleasant-deactivated affective states like calmness or relaxation. Over time, these acute affective responses to physical activity may accumulate to chronically regulate core affect. One logical implication of all this is that shorter but more frequent exercise sessions throughout the week will offer repeated doses of mood improvement, leading to a more stable mood over time, which should predict greater reductions in depressive symptoms.

Previous studies have reported inconsistent and inconclusive findings for the influence of physical activity on unpleasant core affects, and the general pattern in previous research is that physical activity has a more pronounced effect on positive affect than negative affect. Although, recent findings suggest that daily moderate to vigorous physical activity can decrease the level of depressed and angry affects in adolescents.

Therefore, the current randomized controlled study aims to compare the antidepressant effects of a 3-week exercise program with either one weekly 60-minute session or four weekly 15-minute sessions of moderate-intensity running among adolescents (in which findings have been mixed to date).