Effects of HIIT and Concurrent HITT/Plyometric Training on Muscle-tendon Structure, Function and Metabolism in Pediatric Population With Obesity at Different Biological Maturation States (HIIT-PRO Kids): A Study Protocol of Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 40
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Achilles Tendon Stiffnes (N/mm)
研究概览
简要总结
The randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of a High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol versus a HIIT plus plyometric training in the muscle-tendon structure function and metabolism of the pediatric population with obesity at different biological maturational stages (pre-to-age peak velocity [APHV] and post-APHV). Both groups perform baseline evaluations of the main and secondary outcomes and receive the intervention for twelve weeks, three times per week. Once the interventions are completed, the participants undergo the same evaluations they performed at baseline.
详细描述
The prevalence of pediatric obesity increased 4.2-fold between 1976 and 2022, and it's expected to continue increasing toward 2030. Pediatric obesity is a public health problem due to its multiple metabolic comorbidities. Moreover, body weight and fat infiltration due to pediatric obesity negatively affect muscle-tendon structure, function, and metabolism, negatively impacting physical activity levels, active play, functional performance (e.g., jumping capacity), and quality of life. As a solution, HIIT protocols could decrease body weight and fat percentage and increase muscle oxidative capacity. The addition of plyometric training to HIIT protocols could generate the same effects as the HIIT protocol alone, with an additional enhancement in functional performance. However, the influence of biological maturation stages in the adaptations to training in pediatric population with obesity has been scarcely reported. Thus, throughout different biological maturation stages, such as pre-to-age peak velocity (APHV) (early stage of biological maturation) to post-APHV (final stage of biological maturation stage), an increase in testosterone, growth factors, and glycolytic metabolism capacity occurs. Therefore, the differences in the anabolic milieu and glycolytic metabolism between the pre-APHV and post-APHV could produce a differential capacity of training stimuli to modify the muscle-tendon, structure, function, and metabolism in these pediatric population with obesity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of HIIT and concurrent HIIT and plyometric training in the muscle-tendon structure, function, and metabolism of the pediatric population with obesity in different maturation stages.
The study will be a parallel-group randomized controlled trial that compares the effects of HIIT versus HIIT plus plyometric training on muscle-tendon structure, function, and metabolism in the pediatric population pre-APHV and post-APHV with obesity in a public health setting. The primary outcome will be the Achilles tendon mechanical properties. We estimate a sample size of 10 participants per group and 40 in total.
The investigators aim to demonstrate the beneficial effects of HIIT plus plyometric training on the muscle-tendon structure and metabolism of the pediatric obesity population. Moreover, the researchers expected a difference in the adaptations provided by the training protocol between the pre-APHV and post-APHV groups.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 7 Years 至 17 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Pediatric population with obesity determined by the body mass index by z-score (BMI-z) ≥ 2 standard deviations (SD) and ≤ 3.5 SD of the median for age and sex.
- •Pediatric population with -1 to -3 APHV (pre-APHV) and +1 to +3 APHV (post-APHV).
排除标准
- •Cognitive Disabilities.
- •Musculoskeletal condition that prevents regular physical activity.
- •Severe heart diseases that contraindicate the practice of physical activity.
- •Individuals who perform supervised exercise in the past six months.
结局指标
主要结局
Achilles Tendon Stiffnes (N/mm)
时间窗: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
The stiffness will be estimated as the slope of the linear tendon elongation-force relationship above 50% of each participant's maximum attained force.
次要结局
- Achilles Tendon Young Modulus(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Achilles Tendon Force (N)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Achilles Tendon Elongation (mm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Achilles Tendon Stress (MPa)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Achilles Tendon Strain (%)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Gastrocnemius Medialis Thickness (mm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Gastrocnemius Medialis Pennation Angle (°)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Gastrocnemius Medialis Fascicle Length (mm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Gastrocnemius Medialis Echo-Intensity (U.A).(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Plantar Flexors Maximal Isometric Voluntary Contraction (Nm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Plantar Flexors Rate of Force Development (Nm/s)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Maxymal Oxygen Consumption (ml/kg/min)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Oxygen Uptake Kinetics (s)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Muscle oxygenation kinetics(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Lipid Profile(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Glycemic Control(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Low-gradde Inflammation(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Blood Pressure(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Standing Broad Jump (cm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Squat Jump (cm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Countermovement Jump(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Fat mass (kg)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Fat mass percent (%)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Visceral Adipose Tissue (cm2)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Body weight (kg)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Body Height (cm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Waist circumference (cm)(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Waist-to-height ratio(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Measurement of Quality of Life(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Physical Literacy(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Enjoyment(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Maturity Offset(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
- Physical Activity Levels(Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).)
研究者
Rodrigo Ramirez
Principal investigator: PhD. Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
Universidad Nacional Andres Bello