Biomarkers of Neurological Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system are a type of disease in which the human immune system mistakenly attacks its own nervous system, causing damage to the structure and function of the nervous system. Its main pathogenic mechanism is that autoimmune cells, autoantibodies and other immune molecules directly or indirectly attack the nervous system. Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system can affect the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and neuromuscular junction, leading to pathological changes such as neuronal or axonal damage, demyelination, and destruction of neuromuscular junction. Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system are relatively rare, with a wide range of damage and complex and diverse clinical manifestations. They have the characteristics of complexity of immune diseases and high mortality and disability of nervous system diseases. At present, the understanding of the disease is limited, and some diseases are difficult to diagnose. Globally, it is a major cause of disability in young and middle-aged people and can cause huge social and economic burdens. However, due to the lack of a series of relatively reliable prognostic predictors, it is impossible to carry out personalized immunotherapy to achieve the best therapeutic effect, and serious adverse events may occur. Proteomics, metabolomics, intestinal microorganisms and intestinal high-throughput targeted metabolomics, exosomes, miRNA sequencing, single-cell transcriptome sequencing and other detection methods and lymphocyte subsets have been hot topics in the study of various diseases in recent years. It has been found that abnormalities in the expression and function of certain genes, proteins, metabolites, miRNAs, intestinal flora and lymphocyte subsets are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases and the functional disability of patients, and have a good suggestive effect on prognosis judgment.