Impact of Optimal Pharmacotherapy on Plasma Lipid Profile and Qualitative Features of Atherosclerotic Plaques in Very-high Cardiovascular Risk Patients With Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

Lipid accumulation in artery walls is the pathogenetic cornerstone of atherosclerosis. The most commonly studied risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), nevertheless other plasma lipids have an established role as well. LDL-C is considered the primary target for cardiovascular risk reduction, with therapeutic goal <1.4 mmol/l in very-high cardiovascular risk patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Standard hypolipidemic therapy, based on statins and ezetimibe, is not always effective enough. Novel and promising direction is proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) - protease that binds LDL receptors in hepatocytes, subsequently promoting their lysosomal degradation. This process leads to reduced intracellular LDL-C uptake and increased LDL-C concentration in plasma. PCSK9 inhibitors - monoclonal antibodies evolocumab and alirocumab are successfully used in clinical practice, with a proven effectiveness in clinical trials ODYSSEY and FOURIER. An innovative medication is inclisiran - small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) molecule that interferes with translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) of PCSK9 in hepatocytes as a result of complementary binding. Subsequently levels of synthesized PCSK9 are reduced, resulting in positive impact on plasma lipid profile. Inclisiran has demonstrated remarkable efficacy and safety profile in ORION clinical trials, being registered in European Medicines Agency since year 2020. Real-world data regarding optimal lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy, including experience with new medications, is of great clinical interest, studying effect on plasma lipid profile, as well as qualitative features of atherosclerotic plaques using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging (NIRS-IVUS) method.

Aim:

Aim of this study is to evaluate effect of optimal hypolipidemic pharmacotherapy on plasma lipid profile and and qualitative features of atherosclerotic plaques in very-high cardiovascular risk patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors or inclisiran as add-on treatment to statins in maximally tolerated dose and/or ezetimibe.

Study design: