By the WHO and ICMJE for Studies With a Study Start Date That is Before June 1, 2024
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 72
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- musculoskeletal pain
研究概览
简要总结
Exam stress in high school students, long hours of studying in the static posture, and lack of physical activity habits can cause physical and psychological discomfort in them. This discomfort can be physically seen as musculoskeletal pain, while as psychologically it can be observed as a decrease in well-being. This situation can cause the acute onset of musculoskeletal pain in students to become chronic with a decrease in well-being. On the contrary, we can observe an increase in musculoskeletal pain due to stress that may occur due to a decrease in well-being.
Musculoskeletal pain is a condition that is not fatal but severely impairs health and well-being (1). According to the biopsychosocial model, pain occurs in a complex interaction between biological, psychological and social factors (2). Therefore, pain is both a subjective experience and a physical sensation with large individual differences (3). Relaxation is now a non-pharmacological intervention that has been increasingly accepted in recent years to reduce and cope with pain (4). A person who is relaxed usually has a physical and psychological well-being and feelings of calmness (5). With relaxation exercises, the person starts to reduce anxiety level by coping with stress (6). In addition to relaxation techniques, deep breathing exercise, also known as diaphragmatic breathing, is a technique based on the idea that mind and body integration provides relaxation (7). Breathing exercises are easy to learn and practice and benefit can be obtained from deep breathing exercises performed in a short time (5 minutes of practice may be sufficient) (8). In studies in which both techniques were used separately, it was reported to provide physical and psychological relaxation.
The unique aspect of this study is the investigation of the effects of both techniques on pain and well-being in high school students using both techniques simultaneously.
For this purpose, we planned to investigate the short-term effects of deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation exercises on musculoskeletal pain and well-being in high school students.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 13 Years 至 16 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •The inclusion criteria were voluntary acceptance to participate in the exercise program with parental consent, the absence of an orthopedic, neurological or psychiatric disorder that would affect participation in exercises, and full participation in exercise sessions.
排除标准
- •Those who did not meet the inclusion criteria and did not voluntarily agree to participate in the study
研究组 & 干预措施
EXERCISE GROUP
The exercise program consisting of deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation exercises was applied to the students in the exercise group. The first exercise session was started the day after the training about the study. During the study period, the program was started at the end of school hours of high school students for a total of 20 sessions (4 weeks, every weekday), each session lasting 30 minutes. The sessions started with deep breathing exercises, continued with progressive muscle relaxation exercises, and ended with deep breathing exercises.
For deep breathing exercises, students were asked to place their dominant hand on their abdomen and non-dominant hand on their chest in the semi-fowler position. Afterwards, they were instructed to breath deeply through their nose for 4 seconds and exhale through their mouth for 8 seconds. These exercises were performed as 4 repetitions with 2 minutes rest time between the exercises. When the deep breathing exercise
干预措施: DEEP BREATHING AND PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION EXERCISES (Other)
CONTROL GROUP
no treatment was applied to student in the control group.
结局指标
主要结局
musculoskeletal pain
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks
Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (CMDQ): The scale was adapted into Turkish by Erdinç et al. in 2008. This scale assesses the frequency and severity of pain, soreness or discomfort in 11 different body parts (neck, shoulder, back, upper arm, waist, forearm, wrist, hip, upper leg, knee and lower leg) in the last 7 days and whether it interferes with work. Weight scores are calculated according to the answers given for frequency, severity and inability to work.The frequency of pain, aching or discomfort was graded from never (0) to many times every day (4); the severity was graded from mildly severe (1) to very severe (3); and the effect on work performance was graded from never interfered (1) to very much interfered (3). The weighted score for each body part takes a value between 0 and 90.
次要结局
- WELL-BEING(From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks)
研究者
Burcu Özüberk
Principal Investigator, PT, PhD
Kırklareli University