Role of Leucine in the Regulation of Human Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis at Rest and Following Resistance Exercise

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Regulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis
• Interventions: Dietary Supplement: whey protein supplemented with leucine; Dietary Supplement: whey protein; Dietary Supplement: whey protein supplemented with essential amino acids

• Registration Number: NCT01492010
• Lead Sponsor: McMaster University

Brief Summary

Muscle mass is normally maintained through the regulated balance between the processes of protein synthesis (i.e. making new muscle proteins) and protein breakdown (breaking down old muscle proteins). Proteins are composed of amino acids and we know that amino acids increase muscle protein synthesis. However, not all amino acids are the same. Essential amino acids are ones that must be consumed through food, while non-essential amino acids can be made by our body. Interestingly, the essential amino acids are all that are required to increase the rate of muscle protein synthesis. In addition, the essential amino acid leucine appears to be particularly important in regulating protein synthesis. However, how leucine is able to increase protein synthesis is not entirely understood. Previously, it has been shown that 20-25 g of high-quality protein, such as that found in milk, appears to be the amount of protein that maximizes the rate of muscle protein synthesis after performing a bout of resistance exercise. Thus, the aim is to measure the synthesis of new muscle proteins after ingesting the following:

1. 25g whey protein

2. 6.25g whey protein supplemented with leucine

3. 6.25g whey protein supplemented with essential amino acids but no leucine

The investigators will measure muscle protein synthesis after consumption of the above beverages in a leg that has done no exercise ( ie. a rested leg) and in the other leg that has done resistance exercise. The hypothesis is that 6.25g whey supplemented with leucine will stimulate muscle protein synthesis as effectively as 25g whey, but that 6.25g whey supplemented will all the essential amino acids except whey will be less effective at increasing muscle protein synthesis. Whey protein is a dairy-based protein found in cow's milk, thus when you drink a glass of milk you are consuming some whey protein. However, the investigators will be using an isolated form of whey protein, meaning it has been removed from milk. As mentioned previously, amino acids are 'strung-together' to make protein. The 'essential' amino acids must be consumed through food because our body cannot make them, thus they are consumed when you eat protein-rich foods like milk or chicken.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2010-06
• Primary Completion: 2010-08
• Study Completion: 2010-09
• Study First Submitted: 2011-12-12
• Study First Submitted QC: 2011-12-12
• Study First Posted: 2011-12-14
• Status Verified: 2020-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2020-02-21
• Last Update Posted: 2020-02-24

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Male
• Target Recruitment: 24

Inclusion Criteria

• male
• 18-35 years of age
• non-smoker/ non-tobacco product user

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Exclusion Criteria

• heart disease
• vascular disease
• rheumatoid arthritis
• diabetes
• poor lung function
• uncontrolled blood pressure
• dizziness
• thyroid problems

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
6.25 g protein supplemented with leucine	whey protein supplemented with leucine	6.25 g protein supplemented with leucine
25 g protein	whey protein	25 g whey protein
6.25 g whey protein with EAA	whey protein supplemented with essential amino acids	6.25 g protein supplemented with a mixture of essential amino acids devoid of leucine

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Muscle protein synthesis	5 hours postprandial	Muscle protein synthesis will be expressed as fractional synthetic rate (FSR) by dividing the increment in enrichment in the product, i.e. protein-bound C13phe, by the enrichment of the precursor (= intracellular availability).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Signaling molecule phosphorylation status	1, 3, and 5 hours	Western blot will be used to measure the phosphorylation status of signaling molecules involved in protein synthesis ie. mTOR, p70S6k, 4E-BP1.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Exercise Metabolism Research Laboratory, McMaster Univeristy; 🇨🇦 Hamilton, Ontario, Canada