Tracking Information Flow in the Brain

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

20-36 years old
Right handed
Registered with the French healthcare system
Motivated to participate in the study
Normal or corrected vision
Adequate knowledge of French to be able to follow directions and give informed consent
Capacity to listen and follow study instructions
Use of contraception (in sexually active women)
BMI between 18.5 and 30
Informed consent for participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria

For All Experiments:
Persons with :
- Sleep disorders, neurological or psychiatric illnesses or a history of such problems that could impact quality/variability of data or cooperation and retention of the subject in the study
- Migraines or light-sensitive epilepsy
- Regular use of medications that impact the central nervous system
- Regular use of medications, such as opioids and antidepressants, including Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants
- Severe hearing loss
- Skin conditions or allergies
- Chronic pain, or any other medical conditions conducive to pain sensitivity
- A history of stroke or recent trauma to the head
- A pacemaker, insulin or other pump, neurostimulator, cochlear implants or other hearing aid, metal stents, prosthesis, or implants, intracerebral clips, implantable defibrillator, cerebral shunt or ventricular catheter, other foreign metal objects in the upper part of the body
Persons unable to adhere to abstinence from the use of drugs or alcohol the day or evening before experimental sessions
Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have given birth in the last 6 months

For experiments using magnetoencephalography:

Persons with
- claustrophobia
- any dental apparatus containing metal including or root canals
- any foreign metallic object anywhere in the body
- bolts, screws
- orthopedic devices or implants
- glasses (given the participant cannot use contact lenses)
- a head size incompatible with the use of a personalized 3D head-cast or a magnetoencephalograph
Persons having had any surgery prior to the study which puts them at risk for metal objects left in the body

For experiments using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) techniques:

Anxious, non-cooperative, or agitated persons
Claustrophobia
Persons having had any surgery prior to the study which puts them at risk for metal objects left in the body

For experiments using transcranial stimulation:

-Persons with frequent syncope episodes (loss of consciousness) as a result of any particular sensorial stimulations

Study & Design

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Main study group	Visual attention/perception tasks in healthy participants	All participants signed up for experiment 1, 2, or 3 complete the same protocol (1 study arm) with an intent for intra-subject correlational analyses.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The composite characteristics of the brain oscillations (frequency, synchronization, and interaction between brain oscillations in and between different brain regions and networks)	up to 17 months	The primary outcome measure is measured using fMRI bold signals (experiment 1), and brain signals obtained through electroencephalography (experiment 1, 3) and magnetoenecephalography (experiment 1, 3), depending on the sessions. The signals are then transformed during analyses and patterns in the composite characteristics are identified.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Coupling of brain oscillation characteristics in responses to the "flickering" effect	up to 17 months	There are 5 sessions of neuroimaging for experiment 1. The 5 sessions of experiment 1 are over a period of 1 to 17 months. Each session lasts approximately hours including setup. This outcome measure will be recorded during these 5 interspaced sessions, at between 7 and 198 days after inclusion. The time between the sessions is variable.
The coupling of behavioral responses to stimuli with physiological responses in the brain.	up to 17 months	Throughout the sessions of neuroimaging. There are 5, 1 or 2, and 1 sessions of neuroimaging for experiment 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The 5 sessions of experiment 1 are over a period of 1 to 17 months. Each session lasts approximately 3 hours including setup.The sessions take place at between 7 and 198 days after inclusion. The time between the sessions is variable.

Recruitment & Eligibility