Open-label Safety of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for up to 12 Months in Japanese Subjects With Hyperkalemia

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Hyperkalemia

Interventions: Drug: Zirconium Cyclosilicate

Registration Number: NCT03172702

Lead Sponsor: AstraZeneca

Brief Summary: The Open-Label Maintenance Study contains an Correction Phase, in which subjects will be dosed with ZS 10 g three times daily (tid) for 24 to 72 hours, followed by a 12-month long-term Maintenance Phase.

Detailed Description: The study will start with the screening period, and all baseline parameters should be measured/collected up to 1 day prior to administration of first dose of study drug on Correction Phase Day 1. Subjects with 2 consecutive i-STAT potassium values ≥ 5.1 mmol/L will enter the Correction Phase and receive ZS 10 g TID for up to 72 hours, depending on potassium values. Once normokalemia (i-STAT potassium between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L, inclusive) is restored (whether after 24, 48 or 72 hours), subjects will be entered into the Maintenance Phase to be dosed with ZS at a starting dose of 5 g QD. Potassium (i-STAT and Central Laboratory) will be measured Days 1, 2, 5, 12, 19 and 26 throughout the first month of study and every 4 weeks thereafter until Day 362 (Visit 23) then patients will be required to complete the EOS visit which is 7±1 days after the last administration of study medication. For patients who do not enter the Maintenance Phase the last visit will be 7±1 day after the last treatment dose in the Correction Phase. The total expected study duration for an individual patient is approximately 53-54 weeks.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 150

Inclusion Criteria

Provision of informed consent prior to any study specific procedures.
Patients aged ≥18. For patients aged <20 years, a written informed consent should be obtained from the patient and his or her legally acceptable representative.
Two consecutive i-STAT potassium values, measured 60-minutes (± 15 minutes) apart, both ≥ 5.1 mmol/L and measured within 1 day before the first dose of ZS on Correction Phase Study Day 1.
Patients who are on peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be enrolled if their SK level is ≥5.5 and ≤ 6.5 mmol/L in two consecutive i-STAT potassium evaluation at least 24 hours apart before Day 1 (in each evaluation, two i-STAT potassium measurements at least 1 hour apart are required). i-STAT potassium measurement should be performed in the morning before breakfast and in the evening before dinner in PD patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), respectively.
Women of childbearing potential must be using 2 forms of medically acceptable contraception (at least 1 barrier method) and have a negative pregnancy test within 1 day prior to the first dose of ZS on Correction Phase Study Day 1. Women who are surgically sterile or those who are postmenopausal for at least 1 year are not considered to be of childbearing potential.

Exclusion Criteria

Patients treated with lactulose, rifaxan (rifaximin), or other non-absorbed antibiotics for hyperammonemia within 7 days prior to first dose of ZS.
Patients treated with resins (such as sevelamer hydrochloride, sodium polystyrene sulfonate [SPS; e.g. Kayexalate®] or calcium polystyrene sulfonate [CPS]), calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, or lanthanum carbonate, within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Washout of SPS and CPS for 7 days (or longer) prior to the first dose of ZS is allowed, if termination of CPS or SPS is judged to be clinically acceptable by the investigator. Documented informed consent has to be obtained prior to the washout.
Patients with a life expectancy of less than 12 months
Female patients who are pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant
Patients who have an active or history of diabetic ketoacidosis
Known hypersensitivity or previous anaphylaxis to ZS or to components thereof
Treatment with a drug or device within the last 30 days that has not received regulatory approval at the time of study entry.
Patients with cardiac arrhythmias that require immediate treatment
Hemodialysis patients (including those who are on both PD and hemodialysis [HD])
Patients who have been on PD less than 6 months or more than 6 months with a history of hypokalemia within 6 months before Correction Phase Day 1
Documented Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) < 15 mL/min within 90 days prior to study entry (Non peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients only)
If patients joined ZS study in the past, the patients cannot join this study within the last 30 days of the last study drug administration day.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate	Zirconium Cyclosilicate	Correction Phase Dosing: Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate 10 g three times daily (TID) from 24 to 72 Extended Dosing: Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate 5 g once daily (QD). Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate dose increased or decreased in increments/decrements of 5 g QD up to a maximum of 15 g QD or a minimum of 5 g every other day (QOD) (or 2.5 g QD) based on i-STAT potassium measurements up to 12 months.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Patients Who Experienced Adverse Events (AEs) in the MP	First MP dose up to 1 day (2 days for QOD regimen) after last MP dose.	The number of patients who experienced any AE, including those which were serious (SAE), had an outcome of death, were severe, led to discontinuation of ZS or were causally related to ZS are presented for the MP. AEs of special interest are also presented, including oedema-related AEs, cardiac failure and hypertension.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Mean Change From CP Baseline in the Mean S-K Level Over Specified Time Periods in the MP	CP Day 1 to MP Day 362.	The mean changes from the CP baseline in S-K level over specified periods of time in the MP are presented. Baseline for the CP was defined as the mean of 2 different S-K values, recorded 60 minutes apart (to confirm qualification for study entry) on the CP Day 1.
Mean Number of Normokalemic Days During the MP	MP Day 1 to Day 362.	The number of normokalemic days during the MP was calculated assuming the time interval between assessments was normokalemic if both the beginning and end assessments for that time interval displayed normal S-K values. If an intermediate scheduled assessment time point was missing, then the scheduled assessment was regarded as not normokalemic. The mean number of normokalemic days for a patient in the MP is presented.
Percentage of Patients Who Were Normokalemic in the MP	MP Day 1 to End of Study visit (up to 12 months).	The percentage of patients who were normokalemic at each study visit in the MP is presented. Normokalemia was defined as a serum potassium (S-K) level of ≥ 3.5 and ≤ 5.0 mmol/L. The percentage of patients who were normokalemic at their last on-treatment visit is also presented. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose. End of Study was defined as the last ZS dose + 7 days.
Percentage of Patients Who Were Hypokalemic in the MP	MP Day 1 to End of Study visit (up to 12 months).	The percentage of patients who were hypokalemic at each study visit in the MP is presented. Hypokalemia was defined as a S-K level of \< 3.5 mmol/L. The percentage of patients who were hypokalemic at their last on-treatment visit is also presented. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose. End of Study was defined as the last ZS dose + 7 days.
Mean Change From MP Baseline in the Mean S-K Level Over Specified Time Periods in the MP	MP Day 1 to Day 362.	The mean changes from the MP baseline in S-K level over specified periods of time in the MP are presented. Baseline for the MP was defined as the measurement taken in the morning of the day of entering the MP (MP Day 1).
Percentage of Patients With Average S-K Levels of ≤5.1 mmol/L and ≤5.5 mmol/L in the MP	MP Day 2 to Day 362.	The percentage of patients who had an average S-K level of ≤5.1 mmol/L and ≤5.5 mmol/L over the MP up to Day 362 is presented.
Percentage of Patients Who Were Hyperkalemic in the MP	MP Day 1 to End of Study visit (up to 12 months).	The percentage of patients who were hyperkalemic at each study visit in the MP is presented. Hyperkalemia was defined as a S-K level of \>5.0 mmol/L. The percentage of patients who were hyperkalemic at their last on-treatment visit is also presented. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose. End of Study was defined as the last ZS dose + 7 days.
Mean Change in S-K Level From Last On-treatment MP Visit to the End of Study	MP Day 1 to End of Study visit (up to 12 months).	The mean change in the S-K level from the last on-treatment MP visit to the End of Study is presented. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days if on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose. The End of Study was 7 days after the last ZS dose.
Percentage of Patients With Normal S-Aldosterone Levels Over the MP	CP Day 1, MP Day 166 and MP Day 362.	The percentage of patients with normal S-aldosterone levels up to Day 362 of the MP is presented. The normal range for S-aldosterone was 0 - 776.72 pmol/L. In addition, the percentage of patients with normal S-aldosterone levels at the last on-treatment visit is presented. The CP baseline was defined as the last S-aldosterone assessment immediately prior to the start of the first dose of ZS during the CP. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days if on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose.
Change From CP Baseline in S-Aldosterone Levels Over the MP	CP Day 1, MP Day 166 and MP Day 362.	The mean change from CP baseline to MP Day 166 and MP Day 362 in S-aldosterone levels is presented. In addition, the mean change from CP baseline to the last on-treatment value is presented. The CP baseline was defined as the last S-aldosterone assessment immediately prior to the start of the first dose of ZS during the CP. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days if on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose.
Change From CP Baseline in S-Bicarbonate Levels Over the MP	CP Day 1, and MP Day 1 to End of Study visit (up to 12 months).	The mean change from CP baseline to timepoints in the MP in S-bicarbonate levels is presented. In addition, the mean change from CP baseline to the last on-treatment value is presented. The CP baseline was defined as the last S-bicarbonate assessment immediately prior to the start of the first dose of ZS during the CP. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days if on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose. The End of Study was 7 days after the last ZS dose.
Baseline and Post-baseline 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36 v2) Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) Scores	CP Day 1 (baseline) and MP Day 362 (post-baseline).	Patients completed the SF-36 v2 questionnaire on Day 1 of the CP and on Day 362 of the MP. The responses to the items assessing the physical and mental health of the patients determined the PCS and MCS based on a standard algorithm. The PCS and MCS scores ranged from 0 (worst possible health state) to 100 (best possible health state). The mean PCS and MCS are presented for the baseline and post-baseline assessments.
Percentage of Patients Who Were Normokalemic in the CP	CP Day 1 to Day 3.	The percentage of patients who were normokalemic at 24, 48 and 72 hours in the CP is presented. Normokalemia was defined as a S-K level of ≥ 3.5 and ≤ 5.0 mmol/L.
Percentage of Patients With Normal S-Bicarbonate Levels Over the MP	CP Day 1 and MP Day 1 to End of Study visit (up to 12 months).	The percentage of patients with normal S-bicarbonate levels up to the End of Study visit in the MP is presented. The normal range for S-bicarbonate was 17 - 32 mmol/L. In addition, the percentage of patients with normal S-bicarbonate levels at the last on-treatment visit is presented. The CP baseline was defined as the last S-bicarbonate assessment immediately prior to the start of the first dose of ZS during the CP. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken within 1 day (2 days if on QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose. The End of Study was 7 days after the last ZS dose.
Mean Change From CP Baseline in the Mean S-K Levels in the CP	CP Day 1 to Day 3.	The mean change from the CP baseline at 24, 48 and 72 hours in the CP is presented. The mean change from baseline to the last on-treatment CP value is also presented. The last on-treatment value was defined as the last measurement taken with 1 day (2 days if on the QOD regimen) after the last ZS dose. Baseline for the CP was defined as the mean of 2 different S-K values, recorded 60 minutes apart (to confirm qualification for study entry) on the CP Day 1.
Number of Patients Who Experienced AEs in the CP	Day 1 of CP to last CP dose + 1 day or first MP dose -1 day, earlier.	The number of patients who experienced any AE, including SAEs, those which had an outcome of death, were severe, led to discontinuation of ZS or were causally related to ZS are presented for the CP. AEs of special interest are also presented, including oedema-related AEs, cardiac failure and hypertension.