Smoking, Neurocircuitry and Genes in Adult ADHD
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 89
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Brain Activity
研究概览
简要总结
The study investigated the underlying mechanisms of smoking in young adults by examining the associations between smoking, brain activity, dopamine genes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
详细描述
The study investigated the underlying mechanisms of smoking in young adults by examining the associations between smoking, brain activity, dopamine genes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Four groups of young adults were recruited: (1) smokers with ADHD; (2) nonsmokers with ADHD; (3) normative control smokers; and (4) normative control nonsmokers. Smoking was assessed via questionnaires and salivary cotinine levels. Brain activity was examined via functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Each nonsmoker underwent an fMRI scan during an experimental task consisting of mathematical problems. Smokers underwent two fMRI scans during similar experimental tasks under the following two conditions: (1) after smoking a cigarette and (2) after overnight abstinence. The association between the DRD4-7 repeat allele and smoking was explored.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 45 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Smokers with ADHD
- •Cigarette smoking for the last year
- •ADHD diagnosis
- •Nonsmokers with ADHD
- •No history of regularly smoking cigarettes
- •ADHD diagnosis
- •Normative control smokers
- •Cigarette smoking for the last year
- •No history and diagnosis of ADHD
- •Normative control nonsmokers
- •No history of regularly smoking cigarettes
- •No history and diagnosis of ADHD
排除标准
- •Children under the age of 18
- •Adults above the age of 45
- •Pregnancy or planning to become pregnant
- •Any major medical illness
- •Any mental disorders that require medication (except stimulant medication)
- •Any contraindications to fMRI scanning
- •Not speaking English
结局指标
主要结局
Brain Activity
时间窗: One MRI session for nonsmokers and two MRI sessions for smokers
BOLD z-score of smokers with ADHD after abstinence/smoking a cigarette, control smokers after abstinence/smoking a cigarette, nonsmokers with ADHD, and control nonsmokers. All participants performed a mathematical task in the MRI scanner. Higher BOLD z-scores indicate greater brain activation.
次要结局
- DRD4 Genotype(one time blood draw)
- Salivary Cotinine(Once per week for 4 weeks)
研究者
Jean Gehricke
Associate Professor
University of California, Irvine