The Effects of Energy Imbalance on Food Intake Behaviors
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Interventions
- Other: Overfeeding Feeding PeriodOther: Eucaloric Feeding PeriodOther: Underfeeding Feeding Period
- Registration Number
- NCT03112161
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Colorado, Denver
- Brief Summary
This study will determine whether changes in energy balance alter regional neuronal activation of brain regions associated with food intake in individuals screened to be either resistant or prone to obesity. Specifically, it will determine whether foods of "hedonic" value elicit changes in regional neuronal activity in the fasted and fed state in "obese-resistant" and "obese-prone" men and women in varying states of energy balance.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 76
In the obese-prone group:
- BMI between 20-30
- Report at least one obese first-degree relative
- Self-describe as "struggling" with weight
- Weight-stable for at least 3 months prior to study participation
In the obese-resistant group:
- BMI between 17-25
- Report no obese first-degree relatives
- Self-describe as "naturally thin" and have never been overweight
- Overall weight stability
- Significant medical or psychiatric disease
- History of eating disorder
- Left handed
- Unable to complete an MRI scan (e.g., metal in body, claustrophobic)
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- SEQUENTIAL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Overfed Overfeeding Feeding Period Following 3 days of eucaloric feeding, participants will complete a 1-day overfeeding period (Overfeeding Feeding Period), during which their diet will have a daily energy value of 40% greater than the eucaloric diet (Eucaloric Arm), although the macronutrient composition will remain the same (20% protein, 30% fat, 50% carbohydrate). Eucaloric Eucaloric Feeding Period Participants will consume a eucaloric diet with a macronutrient composition of 20% protein, 30% fat and 50% carbohydrate for 4 days (Eucaloric Feeding Period). The caloric value of the diet will be calculated based on lean body mass plus an activity factor to ensure energy and macronutrient balance. Underfed Underfeeding Feeding Period Following 3 days of eucaloric feeding, participants will complete a 1-day underfeeding period (Underfeeding Feeding Period), during which their diet will have a daily energy value of 40% less than the eucaloric diet (Eucaloric Arm), although the macronutrient composition will remain the same (20% protein, 30% fat, 50% carbohydrate).
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in neuronal response to food vs. nonfood objects in fasted vs. fed states Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods (Eucaloric, Overfeeding, Underfeeding) Change in neuronal response to food vs. nonfood objects in the overfed and underfed feeding periods as compared to the eucaloric period between fasted and fed states in obese-prone as compared to obese-resistant individuals.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in food cravings At baseline and both before and after a meal on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods (Eucaloric, Overfeeding, Underfeeding). Change in food cravings (questionnaire) before vs. after a meal in the overfeeding and underfeeding periods compared to the eucaloric feeding periods between obese-resistant and obese-prone individuals.
Change in neuronal response to hedonic vs. basic food images Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods (Eucaloric, Overfeeding, Underfeeding) Change in neuronal response to hedonic vs. basic food images in the overfed and underfed feeding periods as compared to the eucaloric period between fasted and fed states in obese-prone as compared to obese-resistant individuals.
Change in body weight Baseline and every 6 months for up to 5 years after study participation. Change in body weight from baseline for up to 5 years in obese-resistant and obese-prone individuals
Change in leptin levels At baseline, in the fasted state on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods (Eucaloric, Overfeeding, Underfeeding) and at 30, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after a meal on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods. Change in blood leptin levels before vs. after a meal in the overfeeding and underfeeding periods compared to the eucaloric feeding periods between obese-resistant and obese-prone individuals.
Change in ghrelin levels At baseline, in the fasted state on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods (Eucaloric, Overfeeding, Underfeeding) and at 30, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after a meal on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods. Change in blood ghrelin levels before vs. after a meal in the overfeeding and underfeeding periods compared to the eucaloric feeding periods between obese-resistant and obese-prone individuals.
Change in appetite ratings At baseline, in the fasted state on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods (Eucaloric, Overfeeding, Underfeeding) and at 30, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after a meal on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods. Change in appetite ratings via visual analog scale (VAS; 0-100) before vs. after a meal in the overfeeding and underfeeding periods compared to the eucaloric feeding periods between obese-resistant and obese-prone individuals.
Change in PYY levels At baseline, in the fasted state on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods (Eucaloric, Overfeeding, Underfeeding) and at 30, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after a meal on Day 5 of each of the three 5-day study periods. Change in blood Peptide YY (PYY) levels before vs. after a meal in the overfeeding and underfeeding periods compared to the eucaloric feeding periods between obese-resistant and obese-prone individuals.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
🇺🇸Aurora, Colorado, United States