Effects of Variety and Portion Size on Meal Intake of Adults

Penn State University1 site in 1 countryJanuary 20, 2022

ConditionsEating Behavior

Overview

Phase: Not Applicable
Intervention: Not specified
Conditions: Eating Behavior
Sponsor: Penn State University
Locations: 1
Primary Endpoint: Change in energy intake
Status: Withdrawn
Last Updated: 4 years ago

Overview Investigators Eligibility Criteria Outcomes Sites Similar Trials

Overview

Brief Summary

The primary purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the combined effects of meal variety and portion size on food intake at a meal. The study will also explore relationships with eating microstructure such as eating rate and bite size. Additionally, other individual characteristics will be examined for their influence on the effects of variety and portion size on meal intake.

Registry

clinicaltrials.gov

Start Date

January 20, 2022

End Date

January 27, 2023

Last Updated

4 years ago

Study Type

Interventional

Study Design

Crossover

Sex

Female

Investigators

Sponsor

Penn State University

Responsible Party

Principal Investigator

Barbara J. Rolls

Professor of Nutrition and Director of The Laboratory For The Study of Human Ingestive Behavior

Penn State University

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

•Be willing and able to travel to Penn State University Park campus weekly for meals
•Be fully vaccinated against COVID-19
•Be a woman 20 - 65 years old
•Regularly eat 3 meals/day
•Be willing to refrain from drinking alcohol the day before and during test days
•Have a body mass index between 18.0 and 35.0 kg/m\*m
•Be willing to refrain from eating after 10 pm the evening before test sessions
•Be willing to participate in all study procedures

Exclusion Criteria

•Must not be a smoker
•Must not be an athlete in training
•Must not be pregnant or breastfeeding at the time of screening
•Must not have taken prescription or non-prescription drugs that may affect appetite or food intake within the last 3 months
•Must not dislike or be unable to eat the test foods (because of allergies, intolerance, or dietary restrictions)
•Must not be currently dieting to gain or lose weight
•Must not have a health condition that affects appetite
•Must not have participated in a similar study in our lab in the past year
•Must not be a student, faculty, or staff member in nutritional sciences or psychology

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in energy intake

Time Frame: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Energy intake (kilocalories) of all meal components consumed, calculated from weight and energy density

Change in intake by weight

Time Frame: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Weight (grams) of all meal components consumed

Secondary Outcomes

Change in sip count(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in meal duration(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of prospective consumption of food samples(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of thirst(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of nausea(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of meal termination due to eating their usual amount(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of meal termination due to the food no longer tasting good(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of meal termination due to fullness(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of meal termination due to there being no food left(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in bite count(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in mean eating rate(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in mean bite size(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in mean drinking rate(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of pleasantness of the taste of food samples(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of hunger(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of fullness(From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of meal termination due to self-consciousness about amount consumed(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in estimation of calories consumed at the meal(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in mean sip size(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of how filling the participant expects this amount of food to be(At the start of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in estimation of proportion of meal eaten(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in switching between bites and sips(Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of the size of the meal compared to participant's usual portion(At the start of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of prospective consumption of the meal(At the start of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Change in rating of meal termination due to eating is no longer a priority(At the end of the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)