Resolving Psychological Stress

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Device: RePS (Resolving Psychological Stress) - Neutral Attention Training
Device: RePS (Resolving Psychological Stress) - Threat ABM Training

Brief Summary: The investigators have developed a mobile app called Resolving Psychological Stress (REPS) to help alleviate symptoms of PTSD. The app will administer threat-related attention bias modification to individuals who have both a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V) diagnosis of PTSD (and meet at least one DSM-V criteria for threat sensitivity) and a DSM-V diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder. The aims of the study are to explore both the feasibility and acceptability of the app with it's users, and to explore the efficacy of the app at alleviating PTSD severity.

Detailed Description: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly disabling disorder that affects approximately 30 million people in the United States. New low-cost and accessible treatments for PTSD are desperately needed. Threat-related attention biases represent an important potential treatment target for PTSD. Such attention biases predict risk for PTSD following trauma exposure, and are thought to maintain symptoms of PTSD and other anxiety disorders. Research indicates that specific forms of computerized attention bias modification (ABM) are effective in reducing attention bias for threat as well as anxiety in patients with diverse anxiety disorders. The investigators have developed a mobile "app" called RePS (Resolving Psychological Stress) to administer threat-related ABM to patients with PTSD and Alcohol Use Disorder and have tested it in a laboratory-based pilot study of 19 people with PTSD. Preliminary data indicate that the app is highly acceptable to patients and that use of the app reduces attention bias for threat and PTSD symptom severity. The study aims are to examine the feasibility, acceptability and usability of app-based ABM; and determine the efficacy of app-based ABM in reducing attention bias and PTSD severity.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Very recent or current trauma or trauma exposure.
Recent moderate or severe non-alcohol substance use disorder.
Active suicidality.
Lifetime history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder I.
Medical conditions including seizure disorders, neurological disorders, moderate or severe head injury, systemic illness affecting nervous system function, heart defect, or medically unstable injuries.
Recent or planned change in psychotherapeutic treatment for PTSD or other psychiatric symptoms

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Neutral Attention Training	RePS (Resolving Psychological Stress) - Neutral Attention Training	Non-active version of ABM Training
Threat ABM Training	RePS (Resolving Psychological Stress) - Threat ABM Training	Attention Bias Modification Training with threatening words

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Differences in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) During a Threat Sensitivity Computerized Task	15 days apart	Participants will perform computerized tasks designed to assess threat sensitivity. The task contains three different "threat" conditions, regarding the possibility of receiving a small, electric shock via an electrode on the hand (shock level is set by the participant). The three conditions are: shock not possible, shock possible, and shock may be possible. HRV is measured during all conditions and differences between the three conditions are scored.
PTSD Symptoms Using PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) at Baseline and 15 Days	15 days apart	The PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL- 5) was administered via the mobile application to assess changes in PTSD symptoms. The PCL-5 is a well validated and widely used structured 20-item diagnostic interview for assessing symptomology of PTSD corresponding to a DSM-5 diagnosis. PCL scores range from 0-80, with a score of 33 or above indicating clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Participants were asked about the severity of symptoms over the past week.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Rating of the Resolving Psychological Stress (Reps) Mobile Application on a Five-Point Scale for Multiple Feasibility and Acceptability Items After the Intervention, at 15 Days	15 days	A usability assessment questionnaire was administered with multiple feasibility and acceptability questions regarding the REPS Mobile Application (Ease of use, Convenience, Enjoyment, Comfort with the app and Overall satisfaction). The responses were measured on a Five-Point Scale with 1 meaning "Not at all" and 5 meaning "Very much"." Analyses included all participants that completed the usability assessment questionnaire.