The effect of cold exposure on glucose and fat metabolism

Completed

Conditions: Diabetes
type2diabetes
10018424

Registration Number: NL-OMON47478

Lead Sponsor: niversiteit Maastricht

Brief Summary: Not available

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Completed

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 16

Inclusion Criteria

* Caucasians
* Age: 45 * 70 years
* BMI: 27-35 kg/m2
* Gender: male or female
* Women should be postmenopausal
* Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least 1.5 years before the start of the study
* Relatively well-controlled type 2 diabetes: HbA1c < 8.5%
* Oral glucose lowering medication (metformin only or in combination with sulfonylurea agents)
* No signs of active diabetes-related co-morbidities like active cardiovascular diseases, active diabetic foot, polyneuropathy, retinopathy.
* No signs of active liver or kidney malfunction.

Exclusion Criteria

I* Participate in physical activity more than 2x/week
* Unstable body weight (weight gain or loss > 5 kg in the last three months)
* Participation in another biomedical study concerning brown adipose tissue within 1 month before the first screening visit
* Insulin dependent type 2 diabetes patients
* Smoking
* Men: HB <8.4 mmol/L, Women: Hb <7.8 mmol/l

Study & Design

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>* Meal test: metabolism of triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoproteins after a<br /><br>meal<br /><br>* Insulin senstivity as determined by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. </p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>* Pulse Wave Velocity: to measure arterial stiffness<br /><br>* Retina photography: central retinal arterial equivalent (CRAE), central<br /><br>retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) and arteriovenous ratio (AVR).<br /><br>* Muscle biopsy: molecular analysis of insulin signalling and analysing an<br /><br>insulin independent pathway causing GLUT4 translocation. Primary myotubes<br /><br>obtained from the muscle biopsies will be cultured to investigate the<br /><br>underlying molecular pathway. Skeletal muscle lipid accumulation is measured by<br /><br>immunofluorescence microscopy.<br /><br>* Intrahepatic lipid content measured non-invasively with H-MRS<br /><br>* iButtons: to measure skin temperature during cold exposure<br /><br>* Bloodsamples: HBA1C, Endothelial/inflammatory markers and energy metabolism<br /><br>markers<br /><br>* Questionnaires: Thermal sensation and comfort<br /><br>* Energy expenditure: measured with indirect calorimetry</p><br>