Effects of Protein and Fiber at Breakfast on Appetite, Blood Sugar, and Cholesterol
- Conditions
- AppetiteGlucose ControlBrain ActivityIngestive BehaviorCholesterol
- Interventions
- Other: Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast
- Registration Number
- NCT02169245
- Lead Sponsor
- Purdue University
- Brief Summary
The objectives of the research are to assess the effects of increased protein and fiber intake at breakfast on neural activation in brain regions associated with appetitive drive and reward-driven eating, measures of subjective appetite, and ingestive behavior in overweight adults. Additional outcomes of interest include the effects of the breakfast intervention on blood sugar and cholesterol profiles.
- Detailed Description
The objectives of the research are to assess the effects of increased protein and fiber intake at breakfast on neural activation in brain regions associated with appetitive drive and reward-driven eating, measures of subjective appetite, and ingestive behavior in overweight adults. Additional outcomes of interest include the effects of the breakfast intervention on 24-hour glucose profile as well as fasting and postprandial glycemic and lipemic regulation. The investigators will test the effects of consuming breakfasts with normal protein/normal fiber (NPNF), normal protein/high fiber (NPHF), high protein/normal fiber (HPNF), and high protein/high fiber (HPHF) for two weeks in a randomized cross-over study.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 20
- male or female
- age 21 - 45 years
- BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- current smoker
- medications or supplements that affect appetite
- pregnant or lactating
- not weight stable
- acutely ill
- diabetic
- claustrophobic
- any implantation unsafe in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Average Protein and Fiber at Breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast. Participants will eat a 400 kcal breakfast with an average amount of protein and fiber for this age group for 2 weeks. Higher Protein and Fiber at Breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast. Participants will eat a 400 kcal breakfast with a higher than average amount of protein and fiber for this age group for 2 weeks. Average Protein and High Fiber at Breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast. Participants will eat a 400 kcal breakfast with an average amount of protein and higher than average amount of fiber for this age group for 2 weeks. High Protein and Average Fiber at Breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast Dietary control of protein and fiber intake at breakfast. Participants will eat a 400 kcal breakfast with an average amount of fiber and higher than average amount of protein for this age group for 2 weeks.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Brain activation measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging and its association with measures subjective of appetite, self-selected daily energy intake, and energy intake at an ad libitum lunch. 16 weeks Aim 1: Assess the effects of a higher than normal protein and fiber intake at breakfast on neural activation of brain regions associated with appetitive drive and reward-driven eating, measures subjective of appetite, self-selected daily energy intake, and energy intake at an ad libitum lunch.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method 24-hour blood glucose profile 16 Weeks Aim 2: Assess the effects of higher than normal protein and fiber intake at breakfast on 24-hour glucose profile using a continuous glucose monitoring system.
Fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations 16 Weeks Aim 3: Assess the effects of higher than normal protein and fiber intake at breakfast on fasting and postprandial glycemic and lipemic regulation.
Trial Locations
- Locations (2)
InnerVision West/Purdue MRI Facility
🇺🇸West Lafayete, Indiana, United States
Purdue University
🇺🇸West Lafayette, Indiana, United States