Spanish-language Version of the Kihon Checklist
- Conditions
- Frailty
- Interventions
- Other: No intervention
- Registration Number
- NCT04152070
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Valencia
- Brief Summary
The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to validate the Spanish version of the Kihon Checklist for screening frailty in Spanish community-dwelling older adults.
- Detailed Description
In order to identify individuals at risk for frailty, a wide variety of assessment tools have been developed in recent years. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a gold standard method to be used. Therefore, simple, reliable, and valid instruments are still needed for both research and clinical purposes. The Kihon Checklist is a multidimensional tool widely used in Japan and in other countries, but an exhaustive validity in Spanish population has not been yet established.
The main objective is to validate the Spanish version of the Kihon Checklist for screening frailty in Spanish community-dwelling older adults, and as a secondary objective, to study and to compare different scales of frailty in the Spanish population, and to study their associations.
To cope with the objectives of the present study, a cross-sectional study was conducted. To this purpose, data were collected through various tests and questionnaires about: frailty; clinical, demographic and anthropometric characteristics; physical assessment; functional status; cognitive function; health-related quality of life; depressive mood; and nutritional status.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 251
- Age ≥ 65 years
- Community-dwelling older adults
- Barthel Index < 85 points considering as disabled
- Mini-Mental State Examination < 18 points
- Acute disease
- Unstable chronic disease
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Community-dwelling older adults No intervention Community-dwelling older adults living in the Valencia region (Spain).
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Frailty: The Kihon Checklist The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. The Kihon Checklist is a self-reporting survey used for screening frail older adults. It consists of 25 yes/no questions divided into 7 domains: activities of daily living, physical strength, nutrition, eating, socialization, memory, and depressive mood. Higher scores indicate a higher risk of requiring support. A total score ≥ 7 points indicates general frailty (Sewo Sampaio 2016). The Spanish Kihon version used for validation in this study was translated by Maseda et al. (2017).
Frailty: The Edmonton Frailty Scale The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. The Edmonton Frailty Scale (Rolfson 2006) evaluates 9 domains of frailty: cognition, general health status, functional independence, social support, medication usage, nutrition, mood, continence, and functional performance. It has a total score ranging from 0 to 17, with higher scores representing greater frailty severity.
Frailty: Fried's Frailty Phenotype The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Fried's Frailty Phenotype proposed in the Cardiovascular Health Study (Fried 2001) consists of 5 criteria: unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, reduced grip strength, and reduced gait speed. It has a total score ranging from 0 to 5. A frail person is who scores 3 to 5; prefrail when scores 1 to 2, and robust when scores 0.
Frailty: The Frail Scale The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Frailty measured by the Frail Scale (Masanes et al., 2012). It has a total score of 5 points. The more score the more frailty. Participants are considered frail individuals with scores 3 to 5; prefrail with scores 1 to 2, and robust with scores of 0.
Frailty: The Tilburg Frailty Indicator The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (Gobbens et al., 2010) is a self-reported questionnaire of 15 items addressing physical, psychological and social domains. The total score of the Tilburg scale can range from 0 to 15. Higher scores indicate more frailty.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Gait speed The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Gait speed was recorded using a 4-meter walking test (Working Group on Functional Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials, 2008).
Barthel Index The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Functional independence was measured by the Barthel Index. It has a total score ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 is the minimum (worst outcome) and 100 is the maximum (best outcome).
Lawton and Brody Questionnaire The cohort group will be assessed in one day visit. Functional independence was measured by the Lawton and Brody Questionnaire (Lawton and Brody, 1969). Instrumental activities of daily living assess the ability to use the telephone, to shop, to use transport, to cook, to do housework, to take medication, and to handle finances. It has a total score ranging from 0 to 8, 0 indicates total dependence and the maximum score indicates total independence.
Knee extension strength The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Muscle strength was measured by the isometric knee extension (Andrews et al., 1996).
Elbow flexion strength The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Muscle strength measured by the isometric elbow flexion (Andrews et al., 1996).
Modified Baecke Questionnaire The cohort group will be assessed in one day visit. Physical condition was measured by the Modified Baecke Questionnaire (Vilaró et al., 2007). The Modified Baecke Questionnaire results in a score to classify people as high, moderate, or low in daily physical activity, based on tertiles.
The Short Physical Performance Battery The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Physical performance was measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (Guralnik, 1994). This measurement consists of walking 4m, a balance test with 3 levels (tandem, semi-tandem and stand up on one foot) and sit up and reach 5 times as fast as possible. Summary scores range from 0-12, and higher scores denote higher physical performance.
Handgrip strength The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Muscle strength was measured by the isometric handgrip strength (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010).
Muscle mass The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Muscle mass estimated by Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (Bahat et al., 2016).
Mini-Mental State Examination The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Cognitive function was measured by the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (Lobo et al., 1999). Summary scores range from 0 to 35, and higher scores denote higher cognitive function.
Short Form Health Survey SF-8 The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Health-related quality of life was measured by SF-8 (Tomás et al., 2017). Summary scores range from 8 to 40, and higher scores denote a higher health-related quality of life.
Depressive symptoms CES-D short form (CESD-7) The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Depressive mood was measured by CESD-7 (Herrero y Gracia, 2007). Summary scores range from 0 to 21, and lower scores denote depressive mood.
Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) The cohort group was assessed in one day visit. Nutritional status was measured by MNA-SF (Rubenstein et al., 2001). Summary scores range from 0 to 14, and higher scores denote better nutritional status.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
University of Valencia
🇪🇸Valencia, Spain