Fullbrain study: Satiation induced brainstem activity

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Completed

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

* Right handed
* Between 18-35 years old at the day of inclusion
* Able to understand and speak English fluently or without difficulty
* BMI 18.5-27 kg/m2
* Good general health and appetite
* Willing to comply with the study procedures
* Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and approving of reporting this to your general physician

Exclusion Criteria

* Having difficulties with tasting, smelling, swallowing or eating in general.
* Women: Being pregnant or breastfeeding or planning to get pregnant in the upcoming half a year
* Women: Using a IUD as anti-conceptive (with exception of Mirena IUD)
* Suffering from a neurological, endocrine, or eating disorder, gastrointestinal or mental illness or illness of the thyroid gland, respiratory disease or diabetes.
* Having a sight (except glasses) or hearing disorder
* Having non-removable dental braces (with the exception of dental wire)
* Smoking on average one or more cigarettes/cigars a day
* Having a history of, or a current alcohol consumption of, drinking on average more than 21 units per week
* Not willing to stop using drugs during the study period (from inclusion till test session)
* Use of medication that may influence study outcomes
* Allergies or intolerance to any ingredient of the test foods (yoghurt, chocolate milk).
* Not willing to eat the study foods/drinks because of eating habits or believes.
* Followed an energy restricted diet during the last 2 months
* Gained or lost 5 kg of body weight over the last half year
* Participating in another research study
* Employee of Human Nutrition department of Wageningen university
* Thesis student or intern at the chair group of Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour Human Nutrition (WUR).
* Not having a general practitioner
* Intensive exercising more than 8 hours per week
* Not willing to be in an MRI scanner
* Claustrophobic
* Having non-removable metal in or on the body such as piercings, pacemakers, artificial heart valve, metal implants or prostheses.
* High restrained eater according to the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (men: score>2.9)*.
* Low score (* 4, neutral) for liking the test food on a nine point likert scale*;After the training :
* Feeling uncomfortable lying in a (dummy) MRI scanner
* Using the weight and height as measured the BMI does not fall within the desired range 18.5-27 kg/m2

Study & Design

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>Differences in brain activity in rest and brain reactivity (BOLD response) upon<br /><br>oro-sensory exposure to food, between hungry and 50% and 100% sated states (3<br /><br>repeated measures). </p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>The secondary outcome of this study is stomach filling (ml) measured by use of<br /><br>MRI at 4 time points (hungry, after drinking till 50% satiation, at the end of<br /><br>the scanning protocol of the 50% sated state, and during the 100% sated state). </p><br>