Knowledge and Interpersonal Skills to Develop Enhanced Relationships (KINDER)

Not Applicable

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Elder Mistreatment; Elder Abuse; Quality of Care; Dementia; Caregiving

• Registration Number: NCT07216950
• Lead Sponsor: Case Western Reserve University

Brief Summary

The Knowledge and Interpersonal Skills to Develop Enhanced Relationships (KINDER) intervention was developed to prevent psychological elder abuse (EA) and promote high-quality caregiving by lowering relationship strain and developing CG resourcefulness. The goal of this two-arm, randomized control trial is to determine the efficacy of KINDER at mitigating psychological EA by family caregivers to persons living with dementia and to describe how the intervention may work to reduce psychological EA.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2025-10
• Study First Submitted: 2025-10-12
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-10-12
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-10-12
• Study First Posted: 2025-10-15
• Last Update Posted: 2025-10-15
• Study Start: 2026-03-11
• Primary Completion: 2028-11-11
• Study Completion: 2029-05-11

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 260

Inclusion Criteria

• Family member, including family of choice, to an individual living with AD/ADRD
• Is aged 18 years or older;
• Provides assistance with at least two instrumental activities of daily living or one activity of daily living;
• Provides at least 4 hours of caregiving per day
• The care recipient is at least age 65 or older
• The care recipient has early or mid-stage AD/ADRD, as indicated by a score of 4 to 6 on the Global Deterioration Scale

Exclusion Criteria

• Sees the care recipient in-person less than 2 times per week
• Has plans to place the care recipient in a skilled nursing facility within the next 8 months

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Psychological Elder Abuse	Baseline, 2 weeks post-intervention, 12 weeks post-intervention, 24 weeks post-intervention	The investigators will use a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale 2 to measure psychological EA (MCTS 2). This scale includes five psychological EA behaviors, such as insulting, swearing at, or yelling at the care recipient, as well as threatening to stop taking care of the care recipient, placing them in a nursing home, threatening physical harm, and stomping out of the room. Participants will be asked to describe the frequency of each behavior in the last 2 months, such that response options will include: None, Once, Twice, 3 to 5 times, 6 to 10 times, and More than 10 times. Scores range from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater frequency of mistreatment. Higher scores indicate greater frequency of abuse. The outcome measure will use the average change score from baseline scores until each post-intervention survey.
Quality of Caregiving	Baseline, 2 weeks post-intervention, 12 weeks post-intervention, 24 weeks post-intervention	To measure quality of care, the investigators will use the 11-item Exemplary Caregiving Scale, which focuses on providing care that meets the care recipient's needs (α=0.73) and is respectful (α=0.76). Response options include Never, Sometimes, Often, and Always (range: 11 to 44). Higher scores indicate higher quality of caregiving. The outcome measure will use the average change score from baseline scores until each post-intervention survey.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Resourcefulness	Baseline, 2 weeks post-intervention, 12 weeks post-intervention, 24 weeks post-intervention	Resourcefulness is measured using the 28-item Caregiver Resourcefulness Scale (α=0.85). This scale has two factors: one focused on help-seeking and another on self-help. Caregivers are asked the frequency at which they use different strategies to manage challenges, and may respond: Not at all like me (0), Pretty much not like me (1), A little bit not like me (2), A little bit like me (3), Pretty much like much like me (4), or Very much like me (5). Items are added together to create a total score. Scores range from 0 to 140, where higher scores indicate higher levels of resourcefulness. The outcome measure will use the average change score from baseline scores until each post-intervention survey.
Caregiving Relationship Strain	Baseline, 2 weeks post-intervention, 12 weeks post-intervention, 24 weeks post-intervention	Relationship strain will be measured using the 5-item Strain Scale of the Dyadic Relationship Scale (α=0.69). Respondents are asked to indicate agreement with statements such as, "The patient made too many requests," and may indicate Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Agree, or Strongly Agree. The scale has a range of scores from 4 to 20, where higher scores indicate greater levels of relationship strain. The outcome measure will use the average change score from baseline scores until each post-intervention survey.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Case Western Reserve University; 🇺🇸 Cleveland, Ohio, United States