Role of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in Chondral Defects of Knee Joint

This study has been terminated due to lack of funding.

Articular (hyaline) cartilage, which is composed mainly of water and a collagenous extracellular matrix, provides a smooth and resilient surface at the ends of bones, allowing virtually frictionless movement within the knee joint. It also acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the bone from forces of more than five times the body’s weight. The cellular component of hyaline cartilage is the chondrocyte, which is responsible for the production and maintenance of the matrix. Cartilage lacks blood and nerve supplies, and it has a limited potential for self-repair. Hence, Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) helps in regeneration of the chondral defects.

Cartilage damage in the knee can be caused directly by injury, often as a result of sporting activity, or spontaneously (a condition called osteochondritis dissecans). Loss of cartilage alone is referred to as chondral damage, whereas loss of bone and cartilage is known as osteochondral damage. Symptoms associated with the loss of hyaline cartilage include knee pain, knee swelling, Locking of knee and giving way of the knee joint. Ultimately, mechanical damage to the joint surface can lead progression of the chondral defect and eventually to osteoarthritis, which will warrant a total knee replacement in future. Following ACI procedure, the patient may lead a normal active lifestyle and participate in sporting activities.