Effect of resisted jump rope training programme on shoulder explosive power & vertical jump height in amateur volleyball players-a randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION

Volleyball is a sport where two teams face each other on a pitch separated by a central net, trying to pass the ball over the net to the ground of the opposing field. Each team has a limited number of touches to return the ball to the opposite field. (1)Usually, the ball is hit with hands and arms, but also with any other part of the body according to the game situations. Each of the players must rotate their positions as they get points. It is a complex discipline sport with high technical, tactical, and athletic demands on the players. Serving, passing, and setting the ball are accompanied with spiking or attacking actions. Jump rope training was previously reported to be effective in increasing fitness and muscular function of the involved extremities; and improving cardiovascular functions and physical fitness. This training requires the coordination of several muscle groups to sustain precisely timed and rhythmic plyometric movements, in order to be able to involve a high-intensity concentric contraction immediately after a rapid and powerful eccentric contraction. Since the rope has been considered a safe, inexpensive and portable tool, jump rope training has been preferred for adolescent population (2)

The jump rope has been a major training tool for many sports such as boxing, wrestling, tennis, and martial arts. Lately, it has also become popular with volleyball players among many training options. (3)Jumping rope requires the coordination of several muscle groups to sustain the precisely timed and rhythmic movements that are integral to the exercise. The coordination of these muscle groups increases an athlete’s capacity for dynamic balance. Jumping rope can also be used to develop the coordination of neuromuscular skills, muscle strength, and cardiovascular endurance. It burns calories and builds strength in the upper and lower body. Movements that occur during regular rope jumping primarily include movements of the ankle, knee, hip, and shoulder joints. Upper extremity conditioning might be as important as lower extremity conditioning in jumping rope. (1)Jumping rope involves a ballistic “catapult” or “slingshot” action of the upper extremities encountered in throwing events and also involves grasping relatively light implements for long periods of time, under isometric or static conditions of a submaximal nature. During a whole cycle of jumping, the shoulder undergoes rotational movement with elevation. By the time of the preparatory phase, the shoulders hyperextend and the elbows are in full extension. (4)During the propulsive phase the opposite motions occur, and the shoulders rotate at about 90° to 100° elevation with slightly flexed elbows, and then the arms go down toward the ground and around in circles placing larger loads on the shoulder muscles. Furthermore, using weighted ropes may have additional advantages that are typically associated with core plyometrics. (5)The effects of rope training on shoulder strength are not yet well known. It is also unknown whether a weighted jump rope has any additional effects in comparison with unweighted ones and controls with no jump-rope training.Weighted jump rope training has been suggested to be another choice, since using weighted ropes allow combining the loading principle of exercise with standard jump rope training (6). Also, the use of weighted ropes may also have additional advantages that are typically associated with plyometrics, such as improving upper-body strength and coordination for lower-body (7). A recent systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that plyometric training programs have only small to medium-sized effects to improve measures of physical fitness and athletic performance, whereas complex training programs have predominantly larger effects.

NEED FOR STUDY

It is desirable to have a strong offense, smash, or spike to achieve success in this sport.Starting with an approach followed by a vertical jump, one of the objectives in volleyball is to spike, aiming to hit the ball at the highest possible speed.Jumping rope requires the coordination of several muscle groups to sustain the precisely timed and rhythmic movements that are integral to the exercise. The coordination of these muscle groups increases an athlete’s capacity for dynamic balance. Movements that occur during regular rope jumping primarily include movements of the ankle, knee, hip, and shoulder joints. Upper extremity conditioning might be as important as lower extremity conditioning in jumping rope.Thus, need for the present study is to evaluate effect of resisted jump rope training programme on shoulder explosive power & vertical jump height in amateur volleyball players.

RESEARCH QUESTION

Will there will be any effect of resisted jump rope training programme on shoulder explosive power and vertical jump height in amateur volleyball players?

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

AIM

To study the effect of resisted jump rope training programme on shoulder explosive power and vertical jump height in amateur volleyball players.

O****BJECTIVE

To study effect of resisted jump rope training program on shoulder explosive power in amateur volleyball players.

To study effect of resisted jump rope training program on vertical jump height in amateur volleyball players.

HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypothesis (H0)

There will be no significant effect of resisted jump rope training programme on shoulder explosive power and vertical jump height in amateur volleyball players.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1)

There will besignificant effect of resisted jump rope training programme on shoulder explosive power and vertical jump height in amateur volleyball players.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY

Source of Data:  Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni

Study setting:  The study will be conducted at PMT Sports Ground, Loni BK

Study Duration: 2 years

Method of collection of data: Data will be collected by the primary investigator.

Type of Data: Quantitative Data

Study Design:  Randomized controlled trial

Sample size: 40 (Open EPI)

Sampling Method: Simple random sampling

Study Duration: 2 years

•        Equipment’s to be used

Resisted Rope

•        Materials to be used:

Consent form

Assessment sheet

PAR Q+

Inclusion Criteria

Amateur Males and female volleyball players

Age group 18 to 25 years.

Participants who are willing to participate.

Participants fulfilling PAR Q+

 Exclusion Criteria

Any type of systemic illness.

Psychological unstable player

Any recent surgical and medical history.

Any type of acute injuries.

PROCEDURE

Protocol is prepared and Ethical Clearance will be obtained from IEC at Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam College of Physiotherapy.

The participants will be selected on the basis of eligibility criteria.

Informed consent will be obtained from the participants and demographic data will be recorded. Participants will be given PAR Q+ questionnaire to fill, to determine the safety and possible risk of exercising based on the history of the health.

Participants will be allocated into 2 groups. Group A (experimental group n= 20) and Group B (control group n=20).

Prior assessment of the participants will be done using Vertical Jump Test for Vertical Jump Height ,and Medicine Ball Throw Test for Shoulder Explosive Power.

For 6 weeks participants will be given intervention thrice a week.

Statistical analysis will be done and result will be calculated.

Exercise Protocol

Experimental Group

RESISTED JUMP ROPE TRAINING

2 feet jump

Single leg jump

Cross Over

Lower Body Exercises

Lunges

Body Squat

Wall-Sits

Upper Body Exercises

Push-Ups

Triceps Dip

Bicep-Curls

Core Exercises

Plank

Russian Twist

Crunches

Leg Raise

CONTROL GROUP

Normal Rope Skipping

REFERENCES

1. Duzgun I, Baltaci G, Colakoglu F, Tunay VB, Ozer D. The effects of jump-rope training on shoulder isokinetic strength in adolescent volleyball players. J Sport Rehabil. 2010 May;19(2):184-99. doi: 10.1123/jsr.19.2.184. PMID: 20543219.

2. Ozer D, Duzgun I, Baltaci G, Karacan S, Colakoglu F. The effects of rope or weighted rope jump training on strength, coordination and proprioception in adolescent female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011 Jun;51(2):211-9. PMID: 21681154.

3. Kim J, Son WM, Headid Iii RJ, Pekas EJ, Noble JM, Park SY. The effects of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on body composition, insulin sensitivity, and academic self-efficacy in obese adolescent girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jan 28;33(1):129-137. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0327. Erratum in: J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2020 May 26;33(5):681. PMID: 31812946.

4.  Briner WW, Kacmar L. Common injuries in volleyball: mechanisms of injury, prevention and rehabilitation. Sports Med. 1997;24:65–71.

5.   Coleman SGS, Benham AS, Northcott SR. A three-dimensional cinematographical analysis of the volleyball spike. J Sports Sci. 1993;11:295–302.

6.  Kugler A, Krüger-Franke M, Reininger S, Trouillier HH, Rosemeyer B. Muscular imbalance and shoulder pain in volleyball attackers. Br J Sports Med. 1996;30:256–259.

7. Rokito AS, Jobe FW, Pink MM, Perry J, Brault J. Electromyographic analysis of shoulder function during the volleyball serve and spike. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;7:256–263.

8.  Hawkins RJ, Kennedy JC. Impingement syndrome in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1980;8(3):151–158.

9.  Solis K, Foster C, Thompson N, Cefalu C. Aerobic requirements for and heart rate responses to variations in rope jumping techniques. Phys Sportsmed. 1988;16(3):121– 128