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Comparison of Sternal Wound Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine v. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Coronary Artery Stenoses
Valve Regurgitation, Tricuspid
Coronary Artery Disease
Valve Regurgitation, Mitral
Interventions
Registration Number
NCT03270514
Lead Sponsor
Kathirvel Subramaniam
Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of wound infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine (LB) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and compare it with bupivacaine hydrochloride infiltration

Detailed Description

There are no studies to date on the use of LB infiltration and its analgesic efficacy in cardiac surgery done through sternotomy, even though the majority of cardiac surgeries utilize this approach. Moderate to severe pain is common in patients undergoing these surgeries and is usually inadequately treated. Other various pain treatment modalities such as opioid and neuraxial anesthesia are avoided due to potentially dangerous side effects in this cohort. The efficacy of local anesthesia techniques, such as bupivacaine, are limited due to short duration of action and increased incidence of wound infection. On the other hand, slow release liposomal bupivacaine may last up to 72 hours, indicating it's potential for more adequate analgesia compared to bupivacaine.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
60
Inclusion Criteria
  • Open cardiac surgery through sternotomy approach (eg. coronary artery bypass graft, valvular heart procedures, as well as other open cardiac procedures along with coronary artery bypass)
  • Surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass
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Exclusion Criteria
  • Minimally invasive heart surgery through thoracotomy approach
  • Patient undergoing procedures under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
  • Patients with active infections such as infective endocarditis
  • Emergency surgery
  • Patients undergoing transplantations and ventricular assist device insertion
  • Patients on any mechanical circulatory support preoperatively
  • Patient's refusal
  • End stage liver or renal disease
  • Allergy to bupivacaine
  • Patient who cannot understand the study procedure or refuse to participate
  • Redo-sternotomy
  • Participation in another study
  • Patients with severe right or left ventricular dysfunction (EF< 25%)
  • Patients requiring chronic opioids for chronic pain condition
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Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Exparel Injectable ProductExparel Injectable ProductLiposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Injection administered approximately 20 cc per inch of sternotomy wound. Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) group (\~30).
Bupivacaine HydrochlorideBupivacaine HydrochlorideBupivacaine Injection administered approximately 20 cc per inch of sternotomy wound. Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the bupivacaine group (\~30).
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Post-operative Pain IntensityNRS scores will be evaluated every 4 hours until 24 hours post-operatively, every 8 hours until 48 hours post-operatively, and every 12 hours for 72 hours post-operatively

Postoperative pain scores evaluated by numeric rating scale or (NRS) where 0- no pain and 10- worst pain, at rest and at movement

Total Narcotic Consumption0-72 hours post-operative period

All narcotics administered in the first 0-8, 8-24, 24-48, and 48-72 hours and the total narcotics administered in the 0-72 hours postoperative period(PCA narcotics, nurse-administered IV narcotics, and oral narcotics). All narcotics will be converted to total IV morphine equivalent for comparison between two groups.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Post-operative Nausea and VomitingFrom time of end of surgery to 72 hours post-operatively

Whether a patient experiences at least one episode of nausea and emesis will be measured

Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) RequirementFrom time of end of surgery to 72 hours post-operatively or until hospital discharge

Episodes of NIV such as upper airway masks or similar devices will be quantified

Use of Incentive SpirometryFrom time of end of surgery to 72 hours post-operatively

Frequency of incentive spirometry will be measured

Major Organ DysfunctionFrom date of surgery assessed up to 30 day post-operatively

Organ systems such as cardiac, renal, respiratory, and nervous system failure/dysfunction in accordance with the Society of Thoracic Surgeon's database will be noted

Time to ExtubationFrom the end of surgery until the patient is extubated up to 72 hours post-operatively

The time it takes until the patient is extubated post-operatively will be measured

Patient Time to Out of Bed to ChairFrom time of end of surgery to time of mobilization up to 72 hours post-operatively

The time it takes until the patient advances from bedrest to out of bed (OOB) to chair will be measured

Patient Time to Oral IntakeFrom time of end of surgery to time of oral intake up to 72 hours post-operatively or until hospital discharge

The time it takes until the patient is able to/medically cleared to consume food or liquid will be measured

Re-intubationFrom time of end of surgery to patient discharge up to one week

Instances of re-intubation will be recorded

Length of Hospital and ICU StayFrom date of surgery assessed up to 30 day post-operatively

Length of both hospital and ICU stay will be measured

Patient Time to MobilizationFrom time of end of surgery to time of mobilization up to 72 hours or discharge, *assessed up to 120 hours*

The time it takes until patient ambulates will be measured

Hospital ReadmissionFrom end of surgery assessed up to 30 days post-operatively

Readmission to hospital will be noted

MortalityFrom end of surgery assessed up to 30 days post-operatively

Mortality will be noted at specific timepoints

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

UPMC Presbyterian Hospital

🇺🇸

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

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