Long-term Potentiation Disruption Underlying Cognitive Impairment in ECT

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Major Depressive Disorder; Bipolar Disorder II

• Registration Number: NCT06733558
• Lead Sponsor: University of New Mexico

Brief Summary

Cognitive problems, like memory loss, are common after brain injuries like trauma or stroke. These problems make daily life harder, and the investigators don't yet know the best ways to help the brain recover. Scientists think that a process in the brain called long-term potentiation (LTP) is important for memory and learning. When LTP isn't working properly, it may cause problems with thinking and memory. But studying LTP in people is hard because it happens deep inside the brain.

Our research uses a treatment called electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to better understand LTP. ECT is a treatment for severe depression that works by causing a controlled seizure in the brain. While ECT often helps depression, it can temporarily cause memory and thinking problems, which usually improve over time. This makes ECT a good way to study how thinking and memory recover.

The investigators will use a tool called electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity during different stages of ECT treatment. EEG is a safe and non-invasive way to track changes in LTP. Specifically, the investigators will measure how the brain responds to visual signals using something called visual evoked potentials (VEPs). These signals can show how LTP is affected by ECT.

The study's main goal is to track changes in LTP using VEPs during and after ECT. By studying these changes, the investigators hope to learn how ECT affects the brain and how it recovers. This could help improve treatments for brain injuries and other conditions that cause memory and thinking problems.

Detailed Description

This study aims to investigate changes in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like phenomena using visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treatment-resistant depression. LTP is a fundamental neurophysiological process involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, and its disruption has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying the cognitive side effects of ECT.

Study Design:

The study employs a paired pre- and post-intervention design. VEPs will be recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) at two time points:

Pre-ECT: Prior to the initiation of the ECT treatment series. Post-ECT: Immediately following the completion of the ECT series. The VEP paradigm consists of repetitive visual stimulation presented on a computer monitor. The primary outcome is the amplitude of the N1 component of the VEP, a negative deflection occurring approximately 100 milliseconds after stimulus onset, which is sensitive to changes in LTP-like synaptic plasticity.

Methodology:

Participants will undergo EEG sessions using a high-density EEG system with either a 64-lead cap. Visual stimuli will be presented in a controlled environment to elicit VEPs, and the data will be analyzed to assess changes in the N1 component amplitude between the pre- and post-ECT recordings.

Analysis:

A paired t-test will be used to compare N1 amplitudes before and after the ECT series to evaluate the hypothesis that ECT disrupts LTP-like phenomena, as reflected by changes in VEPs.

This study provides a novel application of VEPs to investigate the neurophysiological effects of ECT and aims to enhance our understanding of synaptic plasticity in the context of therapeutic brain stimulation. Findings from this research could inform future strategies to mitigate the side effects of ECT while preserving its clinical efficacy.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2024-12-10
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-12-10
• Study First Posted: 2024-12-13
• Study Start: 2025-01-21
• Status Verified: 2025-06
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-06-24
• Last Update Posted: 2025-06-27
• Primary Completion: 2026-07
• Study Completion: 2026-07-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 10

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Visual Evoked Potential	From enrollment to eight weeks after enrollment	The primary outcome of this study is to measure changes in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like phenomena using visual evoked potentials (VEPs), a non-invasive marker of brain activity recorded through electroencephalography (EEG). VEPs are brain responses to visual stimuli, and the N1 component, a negative peak occurring approximately 100 milliseconds after the stimulus, serves as a reliable index of LTP-like phenomena in humans.; In this study, participants will undergo a visual stimulation paradigm designed to elicit and measure changes in the amplitude of the N1 component. This approach allows us to assess changes in synaptic plasticity (a key feature of LTP) before, during, and after a series of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatments. These measurements will be correlated with cognitive performance and memory changes to explore the relationship between ECT-induced cognitive effects and LTP disruption.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Domenici Hall; 🇺🇸 Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States