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Dose Response Relationship Between Fat Ingestion and Metabolism

Not Applicable
Not yet recruiting
Conditions
Glucose Tolerance Impaired
Interventions
Other: 60% fat meal
Other: 80% fat meal
Other: 20% fat meal
Other: 40% fat meal
Registration Number
NCT05906342
Lead Sponsor
McMaster University
Brief Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare features of metabolism in healthy, young adults after they consume four meals of differing fat quantity. The main question this trial aims to answer is how does increasing fat quantity impact glucose tolerance, glucose and insulin metabolism, and hormones involved in hunger. Participant will consume four meals consisting of either 20, 40, 60, or 80% energy from fat.

Detailed Description

The long-term consumption of high-fat foods can lead to unhealthy changes in the functioning of the body, giving rise to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Similarly, short-term high-fat diets have also been shown to disrupt how the body performs but there is a lack of information regarding how a single high-fat meal can disrupt metabolism. Comparing meals of different fat quantity, without changing the overall energy intake (calories), will help us understand the short-term effect of fat ingestion on the functioning of the body and whether increasing the amount of fat in a meal is related to the level of dysfunction in the body. Therefore, the investigators will provide participants with four meals of varying fat quantity and in the period following the meal, the investigators will take blood samples to determine any changes that occur in the body in response to different levels of fat.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
10
Inclusion Criteria
  • BMI between 18.5 and 30.0 kg/m2
  • Weight stable for the past 6 months (± 2kg)
  • VO2max values within a below average to above average range (38-50 mL/kg and 35-47 mL/kg for 18-25 year old males and females respectively. 35-48 mL/kg and 34-45 mL/kg for 26-35 year old males and females respectively)
  • Fasting blood glucose <6.0 mM
  • Resting blood pressure <140/90 mmHg
  • Taking second generation oral contraceptives (females only)
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Exclusion Criteria
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes, cancer, or other metabolic disorders
  • Cardiac or gastrointestinal problems
  • Infectious disease
  • Barium swallow or nuclear medicine scan in the previous 3 weeks
  • Follow a strict vegan diet
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding (females only)
  • Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (females only)
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Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
CROSSOVER
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
60% fat meal60% fat mealThis meal will contain 15 kcal/kg of body weight and consist of 60% fat, 25% carbohydrates, and 15% protein.
80% fat meal80% fat mealThis meal will contain 15 kcal/kg of body weight and consist of 80% fat, 5% carbohydrates, and 15% protein.
20% fat meal20% fat mealThis meal will contain 15 kcal/kg of body weight and consist of 20% fat, 65% carbohydrates, and 15% protein.
40% fat meal40% fat mealThis meal will contain 15 kcal/kg of body weight and consist of 40% fat, 45% carbohydrates, and 15% protein.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Glucose toleranceTwo hours (taking place following the 4-hour postprandial period)

A 2-hour intravenous glucose tolerance test will be performed 4-hours after meal consumption

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Glucose and lipid metabolitesDuring the 4-hour postprandial period

Postprandial availability of non-esterified fatty acids (mmol/L)

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