Exercise Intolerance and Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics in Children With Deep Venous Thrombosis

Not Applicable

Terminated

Interventions: Other: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Other: Bicycle Ergometry
Other: Lab Panel
Behavioral: Questionnaires

Brief Summary: This is a prospective cohort study of 30 patients who are 8-21 years of age with venous thromboembolism (VTE)- either lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Detailed Description: Participants will be in three groups- those with lower extremity DVT, those with PE, or those with both lower extremity DVT and PE. Patients will have blood drawn for thrombin generation assay, thromboelastography assay, and thromboinflammatory panel in addition to standard of care labs for diagnosis of VTE and management of anticoagulation. The patients will then fill out questionnaires on quality of life and level of exercise at their first outpatient visit 4 weeks after diagnosis. At approximately 3-6 months after diagnosis, patients will undergo two days of testing for the research study. All patients will have exercise testing using bicycle ergometry to measure global aerobic fitness. They will once again fill out questionnaires about their quality of life and level of physical activity. After a 24 hour rest period, DVT patients will undergo 31P-MR Spectroscopy and non-invasive spin labeling MRI to provide data on skeletal muscle bioenergetics (phosphocreatine metabolism), and lymphatic and venous flow respectively in the affected leg compared to the unaffected leg. This will allow each patient to be his or her own control. After these research procedures, patients will continue to receive standard of care treatment for their VTE in the Bleeding and Thrombosis clinic.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Contraindications to exercise, such as post-surgical patients with cast immobility or fractures
Patients unable to follow instructions/commands at baseline due to developmental delay
Patients with congenital heart disease and abnormal pulmonary circulation/perfusion
Contraindications to undergoing magnetic resonance imaging

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Venous Thromboembolism Arm	Questionnaires	This will be a cohort of patients age 8- ≤ 21 years old with objectively diagnosed DVT and/or PE.
Venous Thromboembolism Arm	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	This will be a cohort of patients age 8- ≤ 21 years old with objectively diagnosed DVT and/or PE.
Venous Thromboembolism Arm	Bicycle Ergometry	This will be a cohort of patients age 8- ≤ 21 years old with objectively diagnosed DVT and/or PE.
Venous Thromboembolism Arm	Lab Panel	This will be a cohort of patients age 8- ≤ 21 years old with objectively diagnosed DVT and/or PE.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Inflammatory markers	Diagnosis to 4 weeks.	A custom blood assay will be used to assess inflammation at the time of the thrombotic event. Assay will include measurements of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, CRP, IL-10, IL-6 receptor, TNF alpha receptors.
Coagulation markers	Diagnosis to 4 weeks.	Thrombin generation assay (TGA) will be used to assess hypercoagulability, and thromboelastography will be used to assess fibrinolysis. These will be drawn at the time of the thrombotic event.
Phosphocreatine Depletion and Recovery	31P MR Spectroscopy will be performed one time between 3-6 months after diagnosis.	Phosphocreatine (PCr) will be measured at baseline, during performance of submaximal exercise to fatigue and then at rest in the 31 P MR Spectroscopy Scan.
Assessment for Venous Occlusion	Arterial Spin labeling MRI will be performed one time between 3-6 months after diagnosis.	Arterial spin labeling MRI will be utilized to examine venous flow in bilateral lower extremities to assess for venous occlusion.
Assessment of Lymphatic flow	Arterial Spin labeling MRI will be performed one time between 3-6 months after diagnosis	Arterial spin labeling MRI will be utilized to assess lymphatic flow in bilateral lower extremities to assess for adequate lymphatic drainage.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Exercise Intolerance	Pulmonary embolism patients will undergo this testing at 4-6 weeks after diagnosis. Deep venous thrombosis only patients will undergo testing at 3 months.	Participants will undergo Cardiopulmonary Exercise testing to assess maximal aerobic fitness.
Godin Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire	Questionnaire to be filled out to assess activity at baseline, then one month after diagnosis, and 3-6 months after diagnosis.	Patients will be asked to fill out a questionnaire to determine levels of physical activity for comparison at different time points throughout treatment.
Pediatric Venous Quality of Life Questionnaire	Participants will be asked to fill this questionnaires 4 weeks after diagnosis, and 3-6 months after diagnosis.	Questionnaire to determine quality of life in various areas including school, leisure time, home, and relationships with peers.
OSA-18 Sleep Apnea Questionnaire	Participants will be asked to fill out this questionnaire at one month post diagnosis.	Patients will be asked to complete this questionnaire to assess sleep quality and screen for obstructive sleep apnea.
PHQ-9 Questionnaire	Participants will be asked to fill this questionnaire one month after diagnosis.	Participants will fill out this questionnaire to screen for depression.

Locations (1): UT Southwestern Medical Center / Children's Medical Center
🇺🇸
Dallas, Texas, United States