Effect of Food Acceptability on Appetite Hormones' Response in Normal Weight vs. Obese Male Subjects
- Conditions
- Eating Behavior
- Interventions
- Other: Acceptability
- Registration Number
- NCT03779321
- Lead Sponsor
- American University of Beirut Medical Center
- Brief Summary
Male subjects with specific body characteristics were recruited for the study. Subjects did an acceptability test on custard and completed a screening questionnaire. Around 30 subjects (15 with a normal BMI and 15 obese) continued the study. At each test day, fasting blood samples were withdrawn by a registered nurse under sterile conditions. This procedure was followed by ingestion of one of the two meals within a period of 10-15 minutes. Blood samples of 5 ml were collected at fasting and after ingestion of meals. At the end, subjects were given ad lib access to cheese pizza to assess energy intake after the custard preload. Blood analysis for GLP-1, ghrelin, insulin and glucose levels were performed.
- Detailed Description
Male subjects were recruited for the study based on the following criteria: age between 18 and 50, body mass index normal or obese, non-smokers, non-alcoholic, and do not take medications. Subjects did an acceptability test on custard and completed a screening questionnaire. Around 30 subjects (15 with a normal BMI and 15 obese) continued the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two meals. Each of the two meals was ingested after a 3-day adaptation period. The meals had similar macronutrient composition and provided energy equivalent to 30% of the subjects' resting energy expenditure. At each test day, fasting blood samples were withdrawn by a registered nurse under sterile conditions. This procedure was followed by ingestion of one of the two meals within a period of 10-15 minutes. Blood samples of 5 ml were collected at fasting and after ingestion of meals at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. At the end, subjects were given ad lib access to cheese pizza to assess energy intake after the custard preload. Blood analysis for GLP-1, ghrelin, insulin and glucose levels were performed.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Male
- Target Recruitment
- 30
- Gender: Male
- Age: 18-50 years
- Body Mass Index (BMI): 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 or 30-39.9 kg/m2
- Stable body weight for at least three months before the study with the absence of any form of dieting, food restriction or other abnormal eating behaviors (to minimize the effect of weight change on ghrelin and GLP-1 statuses)
- Agreement on the acceptability levels of the two versions (high and low acceptability) of custard
- Smoking
- Substance abuse such as alcohol or drugs
- Medical or psychological illness
- Previous gastrointestinal surgery
- History of weight fluctuation (weight loss of greater than 5% within the past 3 months)
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Obese panelists Acceptability Obese panelists with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 Acceptability was assessed Lean panelists Acceptability Lean panelists or normal weight panelists with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 Acceptability was assessed
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Food acceptability Through study completion, an average of 1 year Food acceptability on a 9 point hedonic scale
Ghrelin Through study completion, an average of 1 year Ghrelin levels measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit
GLP-1 Through study completion, an average of 1 year GLP-1 levels measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit
Insulin Through study completion, an average of 1 year Insulin levels measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit
Glucose Through study completion, an average of 1 year Glucose levels measured using VITROS ECiQ Immunodiagnostic System
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Appetite Through study completion, an average of 1 year Appetite score on the visual analogue scale
Energy intake at the next meal Through study completion, an average of 1 year Measuring quantity of cheese pizza consumed