Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist with a potent anesthetic effect. It was developed in 1963 as a replacement for phencyclidine (PCP) by Calvin Stevens at Parke Davis Laboratories. It started being used for veterinary purposes in Belgium and in 1964 was proven that compared to PCP, it produced minor hallucinogenic effects and shorter psychotomimetic eff...
Ketamine is indicated as an anesthetic agent for recommended diagnostic and surgical procedures. If skeletal muscle relaxation is needed, it should be combined with a muscle relaxant. If the surgical procedure involves visceral pain, it should be supplemented with an agent that obtunds visceral pain. Ketamine can be used for induction of anesthesia prior oth...
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
Menoufia University, Shibīn Al Kawm, Menoufia, Egypt
San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, California, United States
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
Naval Hospital, Athens, Attica, Greece
Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
IKHC, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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