Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) generated during phosynthesis involving water, carbon and sunlight in plants. It is produced in humans via hepatic gluconeogenesis and breakdown of polymeric glucose forms (glycogenolysis). It circulates in human circulation as blood glucose and acts as an essential energy source for many organisms through aerobic or anaerobic respiration and fermentation. It is primarily stored as starch in plants and glycogen in animals to be used in various metabolic processes in the cellular level. Its aldohexose stereoisomer, dextrose or D-glucose, is the most commonly occurring isomer of glucose in nature. L-glucose is a synthesized enantiomer that is used as a low-calorie sweetener and laxative. The unspecified form of glucose is commonly supplied as an injection for nutritional supplementation or metabolic disorders where glucose levels are improperly regulated. Glucose is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Glucose pharmaceutical formulations (oral tablets, injections) are indicated for caloric supply and carbohydrate supplementation in case of nutrient deprivation. It is also used in metabolic disorders such as hypoglycemia.
Children's & Women's Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2nd Department of Surgery, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
2nd Department of Medicine, Sismanogleion General Hospital, Athens, Greece
4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Hospital Provincial de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Millard Fillmore Gates Hospital, Buffalo, New York, United States
Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, California, United States
University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
ICON Development Solutions, Elliott City, Maryland, United States
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