Gemcitabine

Generic Name
Gemcitabine
Brand Names
Gemzar
Drug Type
Small Molecule
Chemical Formula
C9H11F2N3O4
CAS Number
95058-81-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier
B76N6SBZ8R
Background

Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog and a chemotherapeutic agent. It was originally investigated for its antiviral effects, but it is now used as an anticancer therapy for various cancers. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analog with two fluorine atoms replacing the hydroxyl on the ribose. As a prodrug, gemcitabine is transformed into its active metabolites that work by replacing the building blocks of nucleic acids during DNA elongation, arresting tumour growth and promoting apoptosis of malignant cells. The structure, metabolism, and mechanism of action of gemcitabine are similar to cytarabine, but gemcitabine has a wider spectrum of antitumour activity.

Gemcitabine is marketed as Gemzar and it is available as intravenous injection. It is approved by the FDA to treat advanced ovarian cancer in combination with carboplatin, metastatic breast cancer in combination with paclitaxel, non-small cell lung cancer in combination with cisplatin, and pancreatic cancer as monotherapy. It is also being investigated in other cancer and tumour types.

Indication

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents.

In combination with carboplatin, it is indicated for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of platinum-based therapy.

Gemcitabine in combination with paclitaxel is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy, unless anthracyclines were clinically contraindicated.

In combination with cisplatin, gemcitabine is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with inoperable, locally advanced (Stage IIIA or IIIB) or metastatic (Stage IV) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dual therapy with cisplatin is also used to treat patients with Stage IV (locally advanced or metastatic) transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.

Gemcitabine is indicated as first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced (nonresectable Stage II or Stage III) or metastatic (Stage IV) adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Gemcitabine is indicated for patients previously treated with fluorouracil.

Associated Conditions
Advanced Ovarian Cancer, Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma Stage IV, Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Cervical Cancer, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL), Hodgkins Disease (HD), Mesothelioma, Metastatic Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Locally Advanced, Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), Stage IIIA Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Stage 4 Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Associated Therapies
-

Durvalumab Combined With Chemotherapy Neoadjuvant Therapy of Biliary Tract Cancer

First Posted Date
2022-12-07
Last Posted Date
2022-12-07
Lead Sponsor
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
Target Recruit Count
40
Registration Number
NCT05640791
Locations
🇨🇳

Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China

Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy in Patients With Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

First Posted Date
2022-12-02
Last Posted Date
2022-12-05
Lead Sponsor
The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
Target Recruit Count
62
Registration Number
NCT05634564
Locations
🇨🇳

The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

AGEN1423 and Botensilimab w/ or w/o Chemo in PDAC

First Posted Date
2022-11-30
Last Posted Date
2024-08-13
Lead Sponsor
Bruno Bockorny
Target Recruit Count
24
Registration Number
NCT05632328
Locations
🇺🇸

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

A Study of Botensilimab in Participants With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

First Posted Date
2022-11-29
Last Posted Date
2024-12-13
Lead Sponsor
Agenus Inc.
Target Recruit Count
78
Registration Number
NCT05630183
Locations
🇺🇸

USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States

🇺🇸

USC Norris Oncology, Newport Beach, California, United States

🇺🇸

Illinois Cancer Specialists, Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States

and more 32 locations

Safety and Efficacy of Scheduled Intravesical Gemcitabine Versus Intravesical BCG for Intermediate and High Risk Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Prospective, Randomized Study

Not Applicable
Recruiting
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2022-11-23
Last Posted Date
2024-02-13
Lead Sponsor
Al-Azhar University
Target Recruit Count
280
Registration Number
NCT05626101
Locations
🇪🇬

Mohamed Fawzy Salman, Cairo, Egypt

A Study of NovoTTF-200T(P) in Combination With Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

First Posted Date
2022-11-22
Last Posted Date
2024-07-08
Lead Sponsor
Ashish Manne
Target Recruit Count
38
Registration Number
NCT05624918
Locations
🇺🇸

Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States

ADI-PEG 20 in Combination With Gemcitabine and Docetaxel After Progression on Frontline Therapy in Non-small Cell and Small Cell Lung Cancers

First Posted Date
2022-11-15
Last Posted Date
2024-08-12
Lead Sponsor
Washington University School of Medicine
Target Recruit Count
114
Registration Number
NCT05616624
Locations
🇺🇸

Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States

🇺🇸

Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, Virginia, United States

Personalized Medicine for Advanced Biliary Cancer Patients

First Posted Date
2022-11-14
Last Posted Date
2024-11-26
Lead Sponsor
UNICANCER
Target Recruit Count
800
Registration Number
NCT05615818
Locations
🇧🇪

Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

🇫🇷

CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France

🇫🇷

CHU d'Angers, Angers, France

and more 69 locations

RP-6306 in Patients With Advanced Cancer

First Posted Date
2022-11-04
Last Posted Date
2024-12-12
Lead Sponsor
Canadian Cancer Trials Group
Target Recruit Count
78
Registration Number
NCT05605509
Locations
🇨🇦

Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

🇨🇦

BCCA - Kelowna, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada

🇨🇦

BCCA - Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

and more 4 locations

Liquid-biopsy Informed Platform Trial to Evaluate CDK4/6-inhibitor Resistant ER+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer

First Posted Date
2022-11-01
Last Posted Date
2024-12-18
Lead Sponsor
Canadian Cancer Trials Group
Target Recruit Count
484
Registration Number
NCT05601440
Locations
🇨🇦

The Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

🇨🇦

Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

🇨🇦

BCCA - Kelowna, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada

and more 7 locations
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