Metformin

Generic Name: Metformin

Brand Names: Actoplus Met, Avandamet, Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucovance, Glumetza, Glycon, Invokamet, Janumet, Jentadueto, Kazano, Kombiglyze, Komboglyze, Qternmet, Riomet, Segluromet, Synjardy, Trijardy, Velmetia, Xigduo

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₄H_₁₁N_₅

CAS Number: 657-24-9

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 9100L32L2N

Background: Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent and first-line pharmacotherapy used in the management of type II diabetes.

Metformin is considered an antihyperglycemic drug because it lowers blood glucose concentrations in type II diabetes without causing hypoglycemia. It is commonly described as an "insulin sensitizer", leading to a decrease in insulin resistance and a clinically significant reduction of plasma fasting insulin levels. Another well-known benefit of this drug is modest weight loss, making it an effective choice for obese patients type II diabetes.

Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972, and received subsequent FDA approval in the US in 1995.

Indication: Metformin immediate-release formulations

Metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metformin extended-release tablet (XR)

The extended-release formulation of metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Safety in children has not been determined to this date.

Metformin combination products

Metformin is a component of a variety of combination products with other anti-diabetic agents. It is indicated, along with diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, or saxagliptin), in combination with SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or dapagliflozin), or in combination with pioglitazone.

Associated Conditions: Cardiovascular Mortality, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), Hospitalizations, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Metformin Plus Sorafenib for Advanced HCC

Phase 2

Conditions: Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Interventions: Drug: Sorafenib
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2016-02-03

Last Posted Date: 2016-02-03

Lead Sponsor: Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital

Target Recruit Count: 82

Registration Number: NCT02672488

Locations: 🇨🇳
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China

Metformin Immunotherapy in HIV Infection

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: HIV Infection

Interventions: Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2016-01-20

Last Posted Date: 2023-03-14

Lead Sponsor: McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre

Target Recruit Count: 22

Registration Number: NCT02659306

Locations: 🇨🇦
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Metformin as a Novel Therapy for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant

Interventions: Other: Placebo
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2016-01-14

Last Posted Date: 2022-08-09

Lead Sponsor: Kyongtae Ty Bae, M.D., Ph.D.

Target Recruit Count: 97

Registration Number: NCT02656017

Locations: 🇺🇸
University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
🇺🇸
Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Acupuncture or Metformin for Insulin Resistance in Women With PCOS

Phase 2

Recruiting

Conditions: Hyperandrogenism
Insulin Resistance
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Interventions: Other: Lifestyle management
Device: Acupuncture
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2016-01-06

Last Posted Date: 2024-10-09

Lead Sponsor: Karolinska Institutet

Target Recruit Count: 303

Registration Number: NCT02647827

Locations: 🇨🇳
Peking University, Beijing, China
🇸🇪
Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Metformin in Treatment of Moderate Psoriasis

Phase 3

Conditions: Psoriasis

Interventions: Drug: Metformin
Drug: Placebo
Drug: Topical Coal tar
Drug: Topical calcipotriol

First Posted Date: 2016-01-01

Last Posted Date: 2016-01-01

Lead Sponsor: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh

Target Recruit Count: 40

Registration Number: NCT02644954

Metformin for Treatment Antipsychotic-induced Metabolic Syndrome in Bipolar Disorder Patients

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Bipolar Disorder

Interventions: Other: Starch
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2016-01-01

Last Posted Date: 2016-01-01

Lead Sponsor: China Medical University, China

Target Recruit Count: 110

Registration Number: NCT02644577

Locations: 🇨🇳
Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

Investigation of Metformin in Patients With Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer in Combination With Enzalutamide vs. Enzalutamide Alone

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: Cancer of the Prostate
Prostate Cancer

Interventions: Drug: Enzalutamide
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2015-12-29

Last Posted Date: 2023-06-27

Lead Sponsor: Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research

Target Recruit Count: 169

Registration Number: NCT02640534

Locations: 🇨🇭
Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
🇨🇭
UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
🇨🇭
Spital Thurgau AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland

and more 12 locations

Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Switching to ITCA 650 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Liraglutide

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Interventions: Drug: ITCA 650 Osmotic Mini Pump 20/60 mcg/day
Drug: ITCA 650 Osmotic Mini Pump 60 mcg/day
Drug: Metformin
Drug: Liraglutide

First Posted Date: 2015-12-23

Last Posted Date: 2018-11-05

Lead Sponsor: Intarcia Therapeutics

Target Recruit Count: 136

Registration Number: NCT02638805

Locations: 🇺🇸
Coastal Bend Clinical Research, Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
🇺🇸
Sensible Healthcare, LLC, Ocoee, Florida, United States
🇺🇸
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States

and more 31 locations