Metformin

Generic Name: Metformin

Brand Names: Actoplus Met, Avandamet, Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucovance, Glumetza, Glycon, Invokamet, Janumet, Jentadueto, Kazano, Kombiglyze, Komboglyze, Qternmet, Riomet, Segluromet, Synjardy, Trijardy, Velmetia, Xigduo

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₄H_₁₁N_₅

CAS Number: 657-24-9

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 9100L32L2N

Background: Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent and first-line pharmacotherapy used in the management of type II diabetes.

Metformin is considered an antihyperglycemic drug because it lowers blood glucose concentrations in type II diabetes without causing hypoglycemia. It is commonly described as an "insulin sensitizer", leading to a decrease in insulin resistance and a clinically significant reduction of plasma fasting insulin levels. Another well-known benefit of this drug is modest weight loss, making it an effective choice for obese patients type II diabetes.

Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972, and received subsequent FDA approval in the US in 1995.

Indication: Metformin immediate-release formulations

Metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metformin extended-release tablet (XR)

The extended-release formulation of metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Safety in children has not been determined to this date.

Metformin combination products

Metformin is a component of a variety of combination products with other anti-diabetic agents. It is indicated, along with diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, or saxagliptin), in combination with SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or dapagliflozin), or in combination with pioglitazone.

Associated Conditions: Cardiovascular Mortality, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), Hospitalizations, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Glucose Control in Severely Burned Patients

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Burns

Interventions: Drug: Metformin
Drug: Humulin R

First Posted Date: 2011-03-02

Last Posted Date: 2022-03-28

Lead Sponsor: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

Target Recruit Count: 45

Registration Number: NCT01307306

Locations: 🇨🇦
Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Reach for Health Study: Obesity-related Mechanisms and Mortality in Breast Cancer Survivors

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Breast Neoplasms

Interventions: Drug: Placebo
Drug: Metformin
Behavioral: Lifestyle intervention
Behavioral: Standard printed dietary guidelines

First Posted Date: 2011-02-24

Last Posted Date: 2020-06-05

Lead Sponsor: University of California, San Diego

Target Recruit Count: 333

Registration Number: NCT01302379

Locations: 🇺🇸
Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, United States

Drug to Drug Interaction Study With ASP1941 and Metformin

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Interventions: Drug: ASP1941
Drug: Placebo
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2011-02-23

Last Posted Date: 2017-07-28

Lead Sponsor: Astellas Pharma Inc

Target Recruit Count: 36

Registration Number: NCT01302145

Effects of Adjunctive Metformin on Metabolic Profiles in Clozapine-treated Schizophrenic Patients

Not Applicable

Conditions: Obesity
Metabolic Syndrome
Schizophrenia

Interventions: Drug: Metformin
Drug: placebo

First Posted Date: 2011-02-21

Last Posted Date: 2011-02-21

Lead Sponsor: Taipei Medical University WanFang Hospital

Target Recruit Count: 60

Registration Number: NCT01300637

Locations: 🇨🇳
Taipei Medical University-WanFang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Comparison of Two Treatment Regimens (Sitagliptin Versus Liraglutide) on Participants Who Failed to Achieve Good Glucose Control on Metformin Alone (MK-0431-403)

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Interventions: Drug: sitagliptin
Drug: liraglutide
Drug: glimepiride
Drug: metformin

First Posted Date: 2011-02-15

Last Posted Date: 2017-06-09

Lead Sponsor: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC

Target Recruit Count: 653

Registration Number: NCT01296412

Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Interventions: Drug: Placebo to alogliptin
Drug: Alogliptin
Drug: Metformin
Drug: Pioglitazone

First Posted Date: 2011-02-03

Last Posted Date: 2013-03-22

Lead Sponsor: Takeda

Target Recruit Count: 506

Registration Number: NCT01289119

Study of Biomarkers Associated With Fatigue in Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treated With Metformin or Placebo on NCIC-CTG-MA.32

Conditions: Fatigue
Breast Cancer
Depression
Sleep Disorders

Interventions: Drug: Metformin
Drug: Placebo

First Posted Date: 2011-01-31

Last Posted Date: 2015-09-09

Lead Sponsor: NSABP Foundation Inc

Target Recruit Count: 394

Registration Number: NCT01286233

Locations: 🇺🇸
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
🇺🇸
Kaiser Foundation Hospital - West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
🇺🇸
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center - Redwood City, Redwood City, California, United States

and more 251 locations

Metformin Postpartum for GDM RCT for Reduced Weight Retention

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Diabetes, Gestational

Interventions: Drug: Placebo
Drug: Metformin

First Posted Date: 2011-01-20

Last Posted Date: 2018-11-28

Lead Sponsor: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston

Target Recruit Count: 114

Registration Number: NCT01280409

Locations: 🇺🇸
Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States
🇺🇸
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Professional Building, Houston, Texas, United States