奥司他韦 (Ebilfumin, Tamiflu)

概览

Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.

作用机制

Oseltamivir phosphate is a pro-drug of the active metabolite (oseltamivir carboxylate) which is a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase enzymes, which are glycoproteins found on the virion surface. Viral neuraminidase enzyme activity is important for viral entry into uninfected cells, for the release of recently formed virus particles from infected cells, and for the further spread of the infectious virus in the body. Oseltamivir activity reduces viral shedding and infectivity. Oseltamivir is effective agaisnt viral neuraminidases of influenza A (including pandemic H1N1) and influenza B.

适应症

According to FDA prescribing information, oseltamivir is indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated illness due to influenza A and B infection in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours . In particular, this agent is indicated in adults and children including full-term neonates who present with symptoms typical of influenza when influenza virus is circulating in the community. Efficacy has been demonstrated when treatment is initiated within two days of the first onset of symptoms. Oseltamivir is also indicated for the prophylaxis of influenza in patients one year and older . Specifically, post-exposure prevention in individuals one year of age or older following contact with a clinically diagnosed influenza case when influenza virus is circulating in the community qualifies for such prophylactic therapy. Oseltamivir would only be indicated for post-exposure prevention of influenza in infants less than 1 year of age during a pandemic influenza outbreak.

• Flu caused by Influenza
• Influenza A Virus Infection
• Influenza A, Influenza B
• Influenza Type B