Dexamethasone

Generic Name: Dexamethasone

Brand Names: Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₂₉FO_₅

CAS Number: 50-02-2

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 7S5I7G3JQL

Background: Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication: Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions: Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

The Efficacy of Dexamethasone Versus Dexamethasone Combined With Rituximab in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Interventions: Drug: Dexamethasone and Rituximab
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2009-05-27

Last Posted Date: 2019-09-10

Lead Sponsor: Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev

Target Recruit Count: 155

Registration Number: NCT00909077

Locations: 🇩🇰
Esbjerg Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
🇩🇰
Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
🇩🇰
Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Department of Haematology, Herlev, Denmark

and more 7 locations

Treatment With Velcade (Bortezomib) Plus Dexamethasone (VD) or VD Plus Cyclophosphamide or VD Plus Lenalidomide in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Stabilized After 4 Cycles of VD

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Bortezomib
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Lenalidomide

First Posted Date: 2009-05-25

Last Posted Date: 2015-01-15

Lead Sponsor: Janssen-Cilag International NV

Target Recruit Count: 163

Registration Number: NCT00908232

Fludeoxyglucose F 18-PET/CT Scans in Patients Receiving Ultra Short-Term Dexamethasone For Lung Nodules

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Pulmonary Nodule

Interventions: Drug: dexamethasone
Procedure: PET/Computed Tomography (CT)
Radiation: fludeoxyglucose (18F)

First Posted Date: 2009-05-21

Last Posted Date: 2015-04-07

Lead Sponsor: Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute

Target Recruit Count: 9

Registration Number: NCT00906503

Locations: 🇺🇸
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States
🇺🇸
Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States

Methotrexate, Vincristine, Pegylated L-Asparaginase and Dexamethasone (MOAD) in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Salvage

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute

Interventions: Drug: Methotrexate
Drug: Vincristine
Drug: PEG-l-asparaginase
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Rituximab

First Posted Date: 2009-05-20

Last Posted Date: 2015-06-29

Lead Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Target Recruit Count: 37

Registration Number: NCT00905034

Locations: 🇺🇸
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States

Combination Plerixafor (AMD3100)and Bortezomib in Relapsed or Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Plerixafor
Drug: bortezomib
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2009-05-19

Last Posted Date: 2020-06-02

Lead Sponsor: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Target Recruit Count: 58

Registration Number: NCT00903968

Locations: 🇺🇸
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
🇺🇸
Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Massachusetts, United States
🇺🇸
Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, Massachusetts, United States

and more 2 locations

Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Palonosetron Hydrochloride, and Dexamethasone in Preventing Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Cisplatin in Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx
Nausea and Vomiting
Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx
Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity
Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx
Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity
Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx
Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx