Dexamethasone

Generic Name: Dexamethasone

Brand Names: Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₂₉FO_₅

CAS Number: 50-02-2

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 7S5I7G3JQL

Background: Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication: Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions: Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Phase 3

Conditions: Lymphoma

First Posted Date: 2004-05-20

Last Posted Date: 2013-12-19

Lead Sponsor: United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group

Target Recruit Count: 100

Registration Number: NCT00003423

Locations: 🇬🇧
Hospital for Sick Children NHS Trust, London, England, United Kingdom

High-Dose Chemotherapy Followed by Total-Body Irradiation and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia

First Posted Date: 2004-05-11

Last Posted Date: 2010-09-15

Lead Sponsor: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Target Recruit Count: 15

Registration Number: NCT00002788

Locations: 🇺🇸
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States

Thalidomide, Doxorubicin, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Untreated Stage II or Stage III Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm

First Posted Date: 2004-05-04

Last Posted Date: 2013-03-07

Lead Sponsor: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Registration Number: NCT00008242

Locations: 🇺🇸
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States

Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Plus Combination Chemotherapy and Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Lymphoma

First Posted Date: 2004-04-30

Last Posted Date: 2019-11-04

Lead Sponsor: University of Maryland, Baltimore

Target Recruit Count: 25

Registration Number: NCT00003397

Locations: 🇺🇸
Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Combination Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Plus Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Phase 2

Conditions: Lymphoma

First Posted Date: 2004-04-29

Last Posted Date: 2013-12-18

Lead Sponsor: St. Luke's Medical Center

Registration Number: NCT00002481

Locations: 🇺🇸
St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Very High Risk Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia

Interventions: Biological: filgrastim
Drug: asparaginase
Drug: cyclophosphamide
Drug: cytarabine
Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride
Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: etoposide
Drug: idarubicin
Drug: leucovorin calcium
Drug: mercaptopurine
Drug: methotrexate
Drug: prednisone
Drug: vincristine sulfate
Radiation: radiation therapy

First Posted Date: 2004-04-27

Last Posted Date: 2014-07-28

Lead Sponsor: Children's Oncology Group

Target Recruit Count: 36

Registration Number: NCT00003783

Locations: 🇺🇸
West Virginia University Medical School, Charleston Division, Charleston, West Virginia, United States
🇺🇸
Simmons Cancer Center - Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
🇺🇸
Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States

and more 55 locations

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm

First Posted Date: 2004-04-14

Last Posted Date: 2013-07-18

Lead Sponsor: The Cleveland Clinic

Registration Number: NCT00003493

Locations: 🇺🇸
Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia
Lymphoma

Interventions: Drug: cyclophosphamide
Drug: cytarabine
Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride
Drug: etoposide
Drug: ifosfamide
Drug: leucovorin calcium
Drug: mesna
Drug: methotrexate
Drug: prednisone
Drug: therapeutic hydrocortisone
Drug: vincristine sulfate
Radiation: low-LET cobalt-60 gamma ray therapy
Radiation: low-LET photon therapy

First Posted Date: 2004-04-06

Last Posted Date: 2016-07-04

Lead Sponsor: Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology

Target Recruit Count: 134

Registration Number: NCT00002494

Locations: 🇺🇸
Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
🇺🇸
University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
🇺🇸
Ellis Fischel Cancer Center - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States

and more 20 locations