Pictorial Warning Labels, Numeracy, and Memory for Numeric Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 866
- 主要终点
- numeric risk recall
研究概览
简要总结
Pictorial cigarette warning labels (PWLs) are thought to increase risk knowledge, but experimental research has not examined PWLs' longer term effects on memory for health risks, or for numeric risks (e.g., percentage risk for developing lung cancer). This trial tests memory for numeric health risks immediately or after a six-week delay for US adult smokers. In addition, the trial tests the effects of different warning label components (e.g., whether the numeric risks are percentage or frequency), participants' level of numeric ability, and the consequences of memory for numeric risks on participant risk perceptions and quit intentions.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Factorial
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •at least 18 years old
- •have smoked 100+ lifetime cigarettes
- •currently smoke "every day" or "some days."
- •US resident
排除标准
- •have not ever smoked a cigarette
研究组 & 干预措施
Text-only PWL, immediate post
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered immediately following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, immediate post
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered immediately following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: immed posttest (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, delay posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered 6 weeks following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, delay posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered 6 weeks following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: delay posttest (Behavioral)
Low-emot PWL, immed post
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit little emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered immediately following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: low-emot PWL (Behavioral)
Low-emot PWL, immed post
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit little emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered immediately following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: immed posttest (Behavioral)
Low-emot PWL, delay posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit little emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered 6 weeks following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: delay posttest (Behavioral)
Low-emot PWL, delay posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit little emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered 6 weeks following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: low-emot PWL (Behavioral)
High-emot PWL, immed posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit high emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered immediately following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: high-emot PWL (Behavioral)
High-emot PWL, immed posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit high emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered immediately following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: immed posttest (Behavioral)
High-emot PWL, delay posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit high emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered 6 weeks following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: delay posttest (Behavioral)
High-emot PWL, delay posttest
Exposure to 4 FDA-mandated warning labels paired with images that elicit high emotion and numeric risk information for 8 outcomes related to those warnings (2 outcomes for each PWL; half as percentage, half as frequency)
Posttest measures (e.g., memory, risk perceptions, quit intentions) administered 6 weeks following last exposure to warning labels
干预措施: high-emot PWL (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
numeric risk recall
时间窗: immediately following last exposure or after 6-week delay
free recall for numeric risks presented in labels (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85), both for smokers and nonsmokers
numeric risk recognition
时间窗: immediately following last exposure or after 6-week delay
Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers and nonsmokers (combined in one question) for each of the 8 outcomes that had been paired with the PWLs. For each question, there were four decoy responses.
次要结局
- smoking risk perceptions(immediately following last exposure or after 6-week delay)
- smoking risk knowledge(immediately following last exposure or after 6-week delay)
- quit intentions(immediately following last exposure or after 6-week delay)
研究者
Ellen Peters
Professor
Ohio State University