Comparison of the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training and Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training in Upper Extremity Muscles on Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, Cognition, and Mental Health in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 49
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Upper Extremity Muscle Strength
研究概览
简要总结
High-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative to conventional resistance training; however, evidence regarding upper-extremity-focused HIIRT and its multidimensional effects remains limited. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of upper-extremity HIIRT and low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training (LMRT) on muscle strength, functional capacity, cognition, mental health, and health-related quality of life in healthy young adults.
Forty-nine healthy young adults aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: HIIRT, LMRT, or a control group. Participants in the intervention groups will complete supervised upper-extremity resistance training sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks, while the control group will receive no structured exercise intervention.
Outcome measures will include isotonic upper-extremity muscle strength, the Six-Minute Walk Test, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, the Dispositional Flow Scale-2, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey. The study is designed to evaluate the effects of the two resistance training protocols on physical, cognitive, and psychological outcomes in healthy young adults.
详细描述
Resistance training is widely recognized as an effective intervention for improving muscle strength, functional performance, and overall health. In recent years, high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative to conventional resistance training because it combines high-load resistance exercises with brief recovery intervals. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of HIIRT for improving muscular performance, evidence regarding upper-extremity-focused HIIRT and its effects on cognitive function, mental health, and health-related quality of life remains limited.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effects of an 8-week upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) program with those of a conventional low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training (LMRT) program in healthy young adults.
A total of 49 healthy participants aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) HIIRT, (2) LMRT, or (3) a control group. Randomization will be performed using age- and sex-stratified block randomization. Participants in both exercise groups will complete supervised training sessions twice weekly for eight consecutive weeks, whereas the control group will receive no structured exercise intervention and will be instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle.
The HIIRT protocol will consist of upper-extremity exercises performed at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a cluster-set format with short recovery intervals. The LMRT protocol will include the same exercises performed at 30-70% of 1RM using conventional resistance training principles. Both interventions will include exercises targeting the biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row.
Outcome assessments will be performed before and after the 8-week intervention. Primary outcomes include upper-extremity isotonic muscle strength and functional capacity assessed by the Six-Minute Walk Test. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, anxiety assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, flow state assessed by the Dispositional Flow Scale-2, and health-related quality of life assessed by the Short Form-36 Health Survey.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 25 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy young adults aged 18 to 25 years.
- •Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent. Ability to participate safely in an upper-extremity resistance training program. Willingness to attend supervised exercise sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks.
- •No participation in another clinical trial during the study period.
排除标准
- •Presence of cardiovascular disease.
- •Presence of neurological disease.
- •Presence of psychiatric disorder.
- •Presence of orthopedic disease or musculoskeletal condition limiting exercise participation.
- •Presence of any systemic disease that may interfere with exercise training or study assessments.
- •History of surgery affecting participation in the exercise program.
- •Cognitive or psychological conditions that could interfere with completion of the assessments.
- •Inability or unwillingness to comply with the study protocol.
- •Refusal to provide written informed consent.
研究组 & 干预措施
Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT)
Participants will perform supervised upper-extremity low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks. Exercises include biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row using a multi-station resistance machine. Training intensity will be 30-70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), consisting of 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions with at least 1 minute of rest between sets. Each training session includes a 5-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down.
干预措施: Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT) (Other)
Control
Participants assigned to the control group will not receive a structured exercise program during the 8-week study period. They will be instructed to maintain their usual daily activities and will receive general recommendations regarding physical activity according to current guidelines (150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination). Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline and after the 8-week follow-up period.
High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT)
Participants will perform supervised upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks. Exercises include biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row using a multi-station resistance machine. Training will be performed at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a cluster-set protocol consisting of two sets, each including one cluster of six repetitions followed by two clusters of 2-3 repetitions separated by 20-second rest intervals, with 2 minutes and 30 seconds of rest between sets. Each session includes a 5-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down.
干预措施: High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Upper Extremity Muscle Strength
时间窗: Baseline and Week 8
Changes in isotonic upper-extremity muscle strength assessed using a multi-station resistance training machine. Strength will be measured for the biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row exercises. The highest value from three trials for each exercise will be recorded.
Functional Capacity
时间窗: Baseline and Week 8
Changes in functional capacity assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Walking distance (meters) completed during the test will be recorded.
次要结局
- Cognitive Function(Baseline and Week 8)
- State Anxiety(Baseline and Week 8)
- Trait Anxiety(Baseline and Week 8)
- Generalized Anxiety Symptoms(Baseline and Week 8)
- Flow State(Baseline and Week 8)
- Health-Related Quality of Life(Baseline and Week 8)