Behavioral changes and extra-pyramidal symptoms in elderly patients on L-type calcium channel blockers.

The proposed study aims to evaluate the impact of calcium channel blockers and other drugs on elderly patients with a primary focus on identifying the incidence of behavioral changes while secondary objectives include assessing motor disorders determining epidemiologic risk factors and comparing outcomes such as quality of life adverse events and cognitive performance. Elderly patients aged 60 years and above from the Geriatric OPD or ward diagnosed with hypertension or tachycardia and started on calcium channel blockers or other antihypertensives or rate controlling agents including those previously diagnosed but untreated for at least one month will be recruited and followed for one year. Subgroup analyses between those on CCBs alone and those on CCBs combined with others will be performed. Exclusion criteria include dementia HMSE less than 25 established neuropsychiatric disorders serious illnesses such as myocardial infarction or stroke acute conditions requiring hospitalization and significant hearing speech or vision loss. Participants will be categorized into four groups based on drug class and condition. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline 1 month 3 month 6 month and 12 month respectively.