A study to compare how well low doses of ketamine or lignocaine work to prevent pain when propofol is injected into a vein. The study is done in a fair and unbiased way, where neither the patients nor the researchers know who gets which medicine

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Medical and Surgical,

• Registration Number: CTRI/2025/05/087154
• Lead Sponsor: JLN medical college

Brief Summary

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is currently the most widely used intravenous anesthetic agent due to its favorable pharmacological profile, including smooth induction, effective sedation, rapid recovery, and anti-emetic properties compared to agents such as thiopental

However, its use is frequently accompanied by a significant drawback: pain on injection, which is a common and distressing issue for patients.

The pain associated with propofol injection is believed to be primarily due to the concentration of free propofol in the aqueous phase of the emulsion .As a phenol derivative, propofol can irritate the skin, mucous membranes, and venous intima. Injection pain may be immediate, due to direct irritation of afferent nerve endings, or delayed.

Various strategies have been proposed to mitigate this pain, including altering the temperature or concentration of propofol, using larger veins for injection, and pre-treatment with intravenous agents such as lidocaine, ondansetron, metoclopramide, opioids, magnesium, or thiopental, with or without a tourniquet.

Among these, lidocaine pre-treatment remains the most commonly used method to reduce propofol injection pain.However, lidocaine does not entirely eliminate the discomfort.

Ketamine, known for its potent analgesic and local anesthetic effects, has also been explored as a potential alternative.As an NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine may reduce pain through peripheral mechanisms and central modulation of pain pathways

Furthermore, ketamine’s sympathetic stimulatory effects can help stabilize hemodynamics following propofol administration, a potential added benefit over lidocaine

Variability in pain perception.

This study compares lignocaine and ketamine in prevention of pain associated with iv injection of propofol.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Last Update Posted: 2025-05-16
• Study Start: 2025-05-27

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: Not Yet Recruiting
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 100

Inclusion Criteria

• ASA grade I, II 2.
• Elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia 3.
• Patients willing to give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients having known allergy to propofol and anesthetic agents will be used in study.
• Hemodynamically unstable patient, Pregnant women, morbidly obese, history of neurological & psychological disorders, with acute or chronic pain syndromes, patients with difficulty in communication and patients who had received any sedatives and analgesic medications before surgery 3.Patients who are unwilling to participate in the study.

Study & Design

• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
1. Difference in number of cases who experience pain on injection in both groups.	To assess and compare prevention of pain associated with iv injection of propofol in both groups at different time intervals.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
1. Difference in hemodynamic variations from base line at different time interval in	both groups.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

JLN medical college and hospital; 🇮🇳 Ajmer, RAJASTHAN, India

JLN medical college and hospital

🇮🇳Ajmer, RAJASTHAN, India

Dr Mohit Gurjar

Principal investigator

7737800956

drmohitgurjar@gmail.com