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Dextrose, Corticosteroids and Surgical Release in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Not Applicable
Conditions
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Nerve Compression Syndromes
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Interventions
Drug: Corticosteroid vs. Dextrose
Procedure: Corticosteroid or Dextrose vs. Surgery
Registration Number
NCT04014244
Lead Sponsor
University Medical Centre Ljubljana
Brief Summary

The objective of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of 5% dextrose, local corticosteroids injections and surgical release in patients with electrodiagnostically (EDx) mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The investigators hypothesize that in patients with mild to moderate CTS (1) local 5% dextrose injections is non-inferior to local corticosteroid injections at 12 months after treatment, and that (2) local 5% dextrose injections are of non-inferior effectiveness compared to surgical release at 6 months.

Detailed Description

Surgical release of the carpal ligament is a standard treatment of the median nerve entrapment at the wrist. Local corticosteroid injections are also an established alternative, particularly for EDx mild or moderate CTS, although majority of patients still needs surgical decompression within 1 year. Majority of studies concluded that after more than 6 months of treatment surgical decompression is better than local corticosteroids injections. Furthermore, corticosteroids also have a number of side effects, including crystal induced synovitis, tendon rupture, axon and myelin degeneration, soft tissue atrophy, skin thinning, steroid flare and hot flushes. Therefore, it would be very useful to have an effective alternative substance for injections, without these problems. Perineural injection of dextrose also seems to be a promising treatment for entrapment neuropathies. To date only two studies investigated the effectiveness of 5% dextrose injections in patients with CTS. Authors concluded that this is an effective treatment, that is for patients with mild or moderate CTS even more beneficial than corticosteroid injections at 6 months follow-up. It was suggested that perineural injection of 5% dextrose decreases neurogenic inflammation. As 5% dextrose has osmolarity similar to normal saline, this formulation seems particularly promising. These expectations were supported in studies including animals and humans reporting no harmful effects.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
UNKNOWN
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
100
Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria
  1. polyneuropathy, symptoms of polyneuropathy, and all conditions causing polyneuropathy (e.g., diabetes);
  2. multiple mononeuropathy (e.g., hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, syndrome Lewis Sumner);
  3. motor neuron disorders (e.g., monomelic amyotrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - ALS);
  4. brachial plexopathy;
  5. other focal neuropathies affecting upper limbs (e.g., other median neuropathies, ulnar neuropathies, thoracic outlet syndrome); or
  6. previous surgery or local injections for CTS.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
SINGLE_GROUP
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Corticosteroids vs. DextroseCorticosteroid vs. DextroseIn the first part of the study examiner will randomize substance for left hand infiltration using a dice (odd number - corticosteroids; even number - 5% glucose). Right hand will be infiltrated with the remaining substance.
Corticosteroids or Dextrose vs. SurgeryCorticosteroid or Dextrose vs. SurgeryIn the second part of the study examiner will randomize treatment procedure for left hand using a dice (odd number - corticosteroids or 5% glucose; even number - surgery). Substance for injection will be determined according to the results of the first part of the study - more effective one, or in case of non-inferiority 5% glucose will be used. Surgical release will be performed by the same plastic surgeon. Both treatments will be performed maximally 2 months after diagnosis, with maximum period between them of 1 week.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score1 years

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) will be used to assess severity of digital paresthesia/dysesthesia and wrist or hand pain on 11-point grading scale. Scores ranges from from 0 to 10 points, with higher scores indicating greater severity of CTS symptoms (0 - no symptoms; 10 - extremely severe symptoms).

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Median Nerve Cross-sectional Area (CSA)1 years

Cross-sectional Area (CSA) of the median nerve will be measured at the wrist and 15 cm proximal at the forearm using a trace method with exclusion of the hyperechoic rim.

Global Assessment of Treatment Results1 years

At 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments, CTS symptoms relief after treatment will be evaluated and categorized as one of the following: (1) much improved, (2) improved, (3) no change, (4) worse, or (5) much worse. Patients in category 1 or 2 will be considered to have effective treatment.

Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) Score1 years

The self-administered Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) (Levine et al., 1993) includes 2 subscales of symptoms severity (11 questions) and functional status (8 questions). It is the most commonly used measurement for CTS. Scores ranges from 0 to 5 points for each question, with higher scores indicating greater severity and dysfunction.

Median Nerve Distal Motor Latency (DML)1 years

Distal motor latency (DML) will be measured with median nerve stimulation 8 cm proximal to the active electrode over the abductor pollicis brevis muscle in each hand before and at 1-, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment.

Ulnar and Median Antidromic Sensory Nerve Action Potentials (SNAPs)1 years

Ulnar and median antidromic sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) from 4th finger will be recorded on the nerve stimulation 14 cm proximal to recording electrode placed at the middle of the first phalange and SNAP latency difference calculated.

Palmar Bowing of the Flexor Retinaculum1 years

Palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum is a measure used to quantify the internal pressure exerted on the retinaculum from the contents within the carpal tunnel as the perpendicular distance between flexor retinaculum and tangential line between the tip of the pisiform and scaphoid bone.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University Medical Center Ljubljana, Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology

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Ljubljana, Slovenia

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