Avelumab in Participants With Merkel Cell Carcinoma (JAVELIN Merkel 200)

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Interventions: Drug: Avelumab

Registration Number: NCT02155647

Lead Sponsor: EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.

Brief Summary: This is a multicenter, international, single-arm, open-label, Phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of avelumab in participants with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 204

Inclusion Criteria

Signed written informed consent
Age 18 years and above
Histologically proven MCC
Participants must have received at least 1 line of chemotherapy for metastatic MCC and must have progressed after the most recent line of chemotherapy
For Part B - Participants must not have received any prior systemic treatment for metastatic MCC. Prior chemotherapy treatment in the adjuvant setting (no clinically detectable disease; no metastatic disease) is allowable if the end of treatment occurred at least 6 months prior to study start)
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1
Disease must be measurable with at least 1 uni-dimensional measurable lesion by RECIST Version 1.1 (including skin lesions)
Adequate hematological, hepatic and renal function (renal function considered adequate as per protocol definition)
Highly effective contraception for both male and female participants, if the risk of conception exists
Fresh Biopsy or Archival Tumor Tissue
Estimated life expectancy of more than 12 weeks

Exclusion Criteria

Participation in another interventional clinical trial within the past 30 days (participation in observational studies is permitted)
Concurrent treatment with a non permitted drug
Prior therapy with any antibody/drug targeting T-cell coregulatory proteins (immune checkpoints) such as antiprogrammed death 1 (PD-1), anti-PD-L1, or anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody; for Part B, the Investigator must consult with the Medical Monitor and consider other co-regulatory targets such as 4-1BB
Concurrent anticancer treatment (for example, cytoreductive therapy, radiotherapy [with the exception of palliative bone-directed radiotherapy, or radiotherapy administered on non-target superficial lesions], immune therapy, or cytokine therapy except for erythropoietin). Radiotherapy administered to superficial lesions is not allowed if such lesions are considered target lesions in the efficacy evaluation or may influence the efficacy evaluation of the investigational agent
Major surgery for any reason, except diagnostic biopsy, within 4 weeks and/or if the participant has not fully recovered from the surgery within 4 weeks
Concurrent systemic therapy with steroids or other immunosuppressive agents, or use of any investigational drug within 28 days before the start of trial treatment. Short-term administration of systemic steroids (that is, for allergic reactions or the management of immune-related adverse events [irAE]) while on study is allowed. Also, participants requiring hormone replacement with corticosteroids for adrenal insufficiency are eligible if the steroids are administered only for the purpose of hormonal replacement and at doses <= 10 mg or equivalent prednisone per day. Note: Participants receiving bisphosphonate or denosumab are eligible.
Participants with active central nervous system (CNS) metastases are excluded. Participants with a history of treated CNS metastases (by surgery or radiation therapy) are not eligible unless they have fully recovered from treatment, demonstrated no progression for at least 2 months, and do not require continued steroid therapy
Previous malignant disease (other than MCC) within the last 5 years with the exception of basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and for Part A cervical carcinoma in situ or for Part B carcinoma in situ (skin, bladder, cervical, colorectal, breast or low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or Grade 1 prostate cancer)
Prior organ transplantation, including allogeneic stem-cell transplantation
Part A: Known history of testing positive for HIV or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or any positive test for hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus indicating acute or chronic infection. For Part B, known history of testing positive for HIV or known AIDS in consultation with the Medical Monitor or HBV or HCV infection at screening (positive HBV surface antigen or HCV RNA if anti- HCV antibody screening test positive).
Active or history of any autoimmune disease (except for participants with vitiligo) or immunodeficiencies that required treatment with systemic immunosuppressive drugs
Known severe hypersensitivity reactions to monoclonal antibodies (Grade greater than or equal to (>=) 3 NCI CTCAE v 4.0), any history of anaphylaxis, or uncontrolled asthma (that is, 3 or more features of partially controlled asthma)
Persisting toxicity related to prior therapy Grade > 1 NCI-CTCAE v 4.0; however, sensory neuropathy Grade <= 2 is acceptable 14. Pregnancy or lactation
Known alcohol or drug abuse
Clinically significant (that is, active) cardiovascular disease: cerebral vascular accident / stroke (< 6 months prior to enrollment), myocardial infarction (< 6 months prior to enrollment), unstable angina, congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Classification Class >= II), or serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication
All other significant diseases (for example, inflammatory bowel disease), which, in the opinion of the Investigator, might impair the participant's tolerance of trial treatment
Any psychiatric condition that would prohibit the understanding or rendering of informed consent
Legal incapacity or limited legal capacity
Non oncology vaccine therapies for prevention of infectious disease (for example, seasonal flu vaccine, human papilloma virus vaccine) within 4 weeks of trial drug administration. Vaccination while on trial is also prohibited except for administration of inactivated vaccines (for example, inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine)

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Part A: Avelumab	Avelumab	Participants with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) after failing first-line chemotherapy received Avelumab at a dose of 10 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) as 1-hour intravenous infusion once every 2 weeks until therapeutic failure, significant clinical deterioration, unacceptable toxicity, or any criterion for withdrawal from the trial or investigational medicinal product occurs.
Part B: Avelumab	Avelumab	Participants received Avelumab as first-line treatment for metastatic or distally recurrent MCC at a dose of 10 mg/kg as 1-hour intravenous infusion once every 2 weeks until therapeutic failure, significant clinical deterioration, unacceptable toxicity, or any criterion for withdrawal from the trial or investigational medicinal product occurs.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Part A: Number of Participants With Confirmed Best Overall Response (BOR) as Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version (RECIST) 1.1	Up to 113 weeks	Confirmed BOR was determined according to RECIST 1.1and as adjudicated by an Independent Endpoint Review Committee(IERC) and defined as best response of any of complete response (CR), partial response(PR), stable disease(SD) and progressive disease(PD) recorded from date of randomization until disease progression/recurrence(taking smallest measurement recorded since start of treatment as reference). CR:Disappearance of all evidence of target/non-target lesions. PR:At least 30%reduction from baseline in sum of longest diameter(SLD) of all lesions. SD:Neither sufficient increase to qualify for PD nor sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR. PD:at least a20% increase in SLD, taking as reference smallest SLD recorded from baseline/appearance of 1or more new lesions and unequivocal progression of non-target lesions. CR or PR must be confirmed by a subsequent tumor assessment preferably at next scheduled 6-weekly assessment, but no sooner than 5 weeks after initial documentation of CR or PR.
Part B: Durable Response Rate (DRR)	Up to 161 weeks	Durable response is defined as an objective response (confirmed complete response \[CR\] or confirmed Partial response \[PR\]) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version (RECIST) 1.1, determined by the Independent Endpoint Review Committee (IERC), with a duration of at least 6 months. The DRR was determined as the percentage of participants with an objective response in terms of CR or PR according to RECIST 1.1, as determined by the IERC, with a duration of at least 6 months. CR: Disappearance of all evidence of target and non-target lesions. PR: At least 30% reduction from baseline in the sum of the longest diameter (SLD) of all lesions.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Part A: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in Electrocardiogram (ECG)	Up to 325 weeks	A 12-lead ECG was recorded after the participant has been in a supine position breathing quietly for 5 minutes. The ECG results was used to evaluate the heart rate, atrial ventricular conduction, PR interval, QRS, QTcF and QTcB. Number of participants with clinical significant abnormalities in ECG parameter reported here. Clinically Significance was decided by investigator.
Part A: Duration of Response According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version (RECIST) 1.1	Up to 325 weeks	The duration of response as determined from IERC tumor assessment was calculated for each participant with a confirmed response (CR or PR) as the time from first observation of response until first observation of documented disease progression or death when death occurs within 12 weeks of the last tumor assessment, whichever occurs first. CR: Disappearance of all evidence of target and non-target lesions. PR: At least 30% reduction from baseline in the sum of the longest diameter (SLD) of all lesions. Results were calculated based on Kaplan-Meier estimates.
Part A: Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Time According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version (RECIST) 1.1	Up to 325 weeks	The PFS time (based on IERC tumor assessments), according to the RECIST 1.1, was defined as the time from first administration of study treatment until first observation of PD or death when death occurred within 12 weeks of the last tumor assessment or first administration of study treatment (whichever was later). PFS time (in months) was defined as: (date of PD or death - date of the first dose of study treatment + 1)/30.4375 (months). PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SLD, taking as reference the smallest SLD recorded from baseline or the appearance of 1 or more new lesions and unequivocal progression of non-target lesions.
Part A: Number of Participants With Treatment-Related (TR) Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Treatment-Related Serious TEAEs and Treatment-Related TEAEs Leading to Death	Up to 325 weeks	Related Adverse events (AE) were defined according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (NCI-CTCAE) as adverse events with relationship to study treatment reported by the investigator. A serious adverse event (SAE) was an AE that resulted in any of the following outcomes: death; life threatening; persistent/significant disability/incapacity; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; congenital anomaly/birth defect or was otherwise considered medically important. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state up to 30 days after last administration. TEAEs included both Serious TEAEs and non-serious TEAEs. Related TEAEs are defined as events with a relationship of missing, unknown, or yes.
Part A: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in Laboratory Values Reported as Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)	Up to 325 weeks	The laboratory measurements included hematology, liver function and blood chemistry. Number of participants with clinically significant abnormalities with Grade greater than or equals to (\>=) 3 in laboratory values reported as TEAEs were reported. Clinically Significance was decided by investigator.
Part A: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in Vital Signs Reported as Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)	Up to 325 weeks	Vital signs including body temperature, body weight, respiratory rate, heart rate (after 5-minute rest), and arterial blood pressure (after 5-minute rest) were evaluated. Number of participants with clinically significant abnormalities in Vital Signs reported as TEAEs. Clinically Significance was decided by investigator.
Part A: Interim Analysis: Overall Survival (OS) Time	Up to 87 weeks (Data reported are per pre-specified interim analysis with a data cut-off date of 3 Mar 2016)	The OS time was defined as the time from first administration of trial treatment until death. The OS time was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Part A: Final Analysis: Overall Survival (OS) Time	Time from first administration of trial treatment until death (Up to 325 weeks)	The OS time was defined as the time from first administration of trial treatment until death. The OS time was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Part B: Interim Analysis: Overall Survival (OS) Time	Up to 161 weeks (Data reported are per pre-specified interim analysis with a data cut-off date of 2 May 2019)	The OS time was defined as the time from first administration of study treatment until the date of death. OS was calculated using following formula = (date of death - date of the first dose of study treatment + 1)/30.4375 (months).
Part A: Participant's Response Status According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version (RECIST) 1.1 at 6 and 12 Months	At Month 6 and 12	The response status at 6 and 12 months after start of trial treatment according to RECIST 1.1 (as determined by the IERC) was determined. A participant was considered to be in response at the given timepoint (6 or 12 months after the start of the participant's treatment) if the participant had a documented response (PR or CR) prior to that timepoint, and neither died nor experienced disease progression according to the RECIST 1.1 nor was lost to follow-up up to the given timepoint. CR: Disappearance of all evidence of target and non-target lesions. PR: At least 30% reduction from baseline in the sum of the longest diameter (SLD) of all lesions. Percentage of participants in response and not in response according to RECIST1.1 at 6 and 12 months were reported.
Part A: Number of Participants With Positive Treatment Emergent Anti-Avelumab Antibodies	Up to 80 weeks	Serum samples were analyzed by a validated electrochemiluminesce immunoassay to detect the presence of anti-avelumab antibodies. Samples that screened positive were subsequently tested in a confirmatory assay. Those confirmed positive were titered for a quasi-quantitative result. Number of participants with positive treatment emergent anti-Avelumab antibodies were reported. Participants not positive prior to treatment with avelumab and with at least one positive result in the human-Antihuman Antibodies assay were characterized as treatment-emergent.
Part B: Final Analysis: Overall Survival (OS) Time	Time from first administration of trial treatment until death (Up to 396 weeks)	The OS time was defined as the time from first administration of study treatment until the date of death. OS was calculated using following formula = (date of death - date of the first dose of study treatment + 1)/30.4375 (months).
Part A: Serum Concentration at End of Infusion (CEOI) of Avelumab	Day 1, 43, 85, 169, 253, 337 and 421	Serum concentration at end of infusion (CEOI) of Avelumab is reported.
Part A: Minimum Serum Post-dose (Ctrough) Concentration of Aveluamb	Day 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, 85, 99, 169, 211, 253, 337 and 421	Minimum serum post-dose (Ctrough) concentration of avelumab was reported.
Part B: Number of Participants With Confirmed Best Overall Response (BOR) as Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version (RECIST) 1.1	Up to 396 weeks	Confirmed BOR was determined according to RECIST 1.1and as adjudicated by an Independent Endpoint Review Committee(IERC) and defined as best response of any of complete response (CR), partial response(PR), stable disease(SD) and progressive disease(PD) recorded from date of randomization until disease progression/recurrence(taking smallest measurement recorded since start of treatment as reference). CR:Disappearance of all evidence of target/non-target lesions. PR:At least 30%reduction from baseline in sum of longest diameter(SLD) of all lesions. SD:Neither sufficient increase to qualify for PD nor sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR. PD:at least a20% increase in SLD, taking as reference smallest SLD recorded from baseline/appearance of 1or more new lesions and unequivocal progression of non-target lesions. CR or PR must be confirmed by a subsequent tumor assessment preferably at next scheduled 6-weekly assessment, but no sooner than 5 weeks after initial documentation of CR or PR.
Part B: Duration of Response According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version (RECIST) 1.1	Up to 396 weeks	The duration of response as determined from IERC tumor assessment was calculated for each participant with a confirmed response (CR or PR) as the time from first observation of response until first observation of documented disease progression or death when death occurs within 12 weeks of the last tumor assessment, whichever occurs first. CR: Disappearance of all evidence of target and non-target lesions. PR: At least 30% reduction from baseline in the sum of the longest diameter (SLD) of all lesions.
Part B: Progression-Free Survival (PFS) Time According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version (RECIST) 1.1	Up to 396 weeks	The PFS time (based on IERC tumor assessments), according to the RECIST 1.1, was defined as the time from first administration of study treatment until first observation of PD or death when death occurred within 12 weeks of the last tumor assessment or first administration of study treatment (whichever was later). PFS time (in months) was defined as: (date of PD or death - date of the first dose of study treatment + 1)/30.4375 (months). PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SLD, taking as reference the smallest SLD recorded from baseline or the appearance of 1 or more new lesions and unequivocal progression of non-target lesions.
Part B: Number of Participants With Treatment-Related (TR) Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Treatment-Related Serious TEAEs and Treatment-Related TEAEs Leading to Death	Up to 396 weeks	Related Adverse events (AE) were defined according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (NCI-CTCAE) as adverse events with relationship to study treatment reported by the investigator. A serious adverse event (SAE) was an AE that resulted in any of the following outcomes: death; life threatening; persistent/significant disability/incapacity; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; congenital anomaly/birth defect or was otherwise considered medically important. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state up to 30 days after last administration. TEAEs included both Serious TEAEs and non-serious TEAEs. Related TEAEs are defined as events with a relationship of missing, unknown, or yes.
Part B: Participant's Response Status According to RECIST 1.1 at 6 and 12 Months	At Month 6 and 12	The response status at 6 and 12 months after start of trial treatment according to RECIST 1.1 (as determined by the IERC) was determined. A participant was considered to be in response at the given timepoint (6 or 12 months after the start of the participant's treatment) if the participant had a documented response (PR or CR) prior to that timepoint, and neither died nor experienced disease progression according to the RECIST 1.1 nor was lost to follow-up up to the given timepoint. CR: Disappearance of all evidence of target and non-target lesions. PR: At least 30% reduction from baseline in the sum of the longest diameter (SLD) of all lesions. Percentage of participants in response and not in response according to RECIST1.1 at 6 and 12 months were reported.
Part B: Number of Participants With Positive Treatment Emergent Anti-Avelumab Antibodies	Up to 161 weeks	Serum samples were analyzed by a validated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to detect the presence of antidrug antibodies (ADA). Samples that screened positive were subsequently tested in a confirmatory assay. Those that confirmed positive were titered for a quasi-quantitative result. Number of participants with positive treatment emergent anti-Avelumab antibodies were reported. Participants not positive prior to treatment with avelumab and with at least one positive result in the human-Antihuman Antibodies assay were characterized as treatment-emergent.
Part B: Serum Concentration at End of Infusion (CEOI) of Avelumab	At Day 1, 43 and 169	Serum concentration at end of infusion (CEOI) of Avelumab is reported.
Part B: Minimum Serum Post-dose (Ctrough) Concentration of Aveluamb	Day 15, Day 29, Day 43, Day 85, Day 127, Day 169, Day 253, Day 337, Day 421, Day 505, Day 589, Day 673	Minimum serum post-dose (Ctrough) concentration of avelumab was reported.

Trial Locations

Locations (61): Fox Chase Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
🇮🇹
Milano, Italy
Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova Azienda Ospedaliera di Reggio Emilia
🇮🇹
Reggio Emilia, Italy
Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena IRCCS
🇮🇹
Roma, Italy
UCLA Medical Center
🇺🇸
Los Angeles, California, United States
The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute - West LA
🇺🇸
Los Angeles, California, United States
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
🇺🇸
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
University of Colorado
🇺🇸
Aurora, Colorado, United States
Dana Farber Cancer Institute
🇺🇸
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc
🇺🇸
Tampa, Florida, United States
Princess Alexandra Hospital
🇦🇺
Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
CHU Besançon - Hôpital Jean Minjoz
🇫🇷
Besançon Cedex, Doubs, France
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
🇦🇺
East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
St John of God Subiaco Hospital
🇦🇺
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
A.O.U. Senese Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte
🇮🇹
Siena, Italy
Hopital Claude Huriez - CHU Lille
🇫🇷
Lille cedex, Nord, France
CHU Nice - Hopital de l Archet 2
🇫🇷
Nice cedex 3, Alpes Maritimes, France
Hôpital de la Timone
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Marseille cedex 05, Bouches-du-Rhône, France
Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg
🇩🇪
Heidelberg, Baden Wuerttemberg, Germany
Hôpital Saint-Louis
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Paris Cedex 10, Paris, France
IOV - Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS
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Padova, Italy
Institut Gustave Roussy
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Villejuif cedex, Val De Marne, France
CHU de Grenoble - Hôpital A Michallon
🇫🇷
Grenoble, France
Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia
🇮🇹
Perugia, Italy
Universitaetsklinikum Koeln
🇩🇪
Koeln, Nordrhein Westfalen, Germany
Universitaetsklinikum Essen
🇩🇪
Essen, Nordrhein Westfalen, Germany
IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia
🇮🇹
Milano, Italy
National Cancer Center Hospital
🇯🇵
Chuo-ku, Japan
Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona
🇪🇸
Barcelona, Spain
Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
🇪🇸
Valencia, Spain
CHU Nantes - Hôtel Dieu
🇫🇷
Nantes Cedex 1, Loire Atlantique, France
Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud
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Pierre Benite cedex, Rhone, France
Hôpital Ambroise Paré - Boulogne-Billancourt
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Boulogne Billancourt, France
Fachklinik Hornheide
🇩🇪
Muenster, Nordrhein Westfalen, Germany
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon
🇪🇸
Madrid, Spain
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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New York, New York, United States
Mount Sinai
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New York, New York, United States
University of Washington - Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
🇺🇸
Seattle, Washington, United States
Peggy & Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center
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Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
National Cancer Institute
🇺🇸
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
Royal North Shore Hospital
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St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
Port Macquarie Base Hospital
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Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
Tasman Oncology Research Ltd
🇦🇺
Southport, Queensland, Australia
CHU Tours - Hôpital Trousseau
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Chambray Les Tours, France
Groupe Hospitalier Saint André - Hôpital Saint André
🇫🇷
Bordeaux, France
CHU de Limoges - Hôpital Dupuytren
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Limoges, France
CHU de Dijon - Hopital du Bocage
🇫🇷
Dijon, France
St. Josef-Hospital Universitaetsklinikum
🇩🇪
Bochum, Nordrhein Westfalen, Germany
Universitaetsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden
🇩🇪
Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet
🇩🇪
Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany
Helios Klinikum Erfurt
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Erfurt, Thueringen, Germany
Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig Holstein - Campus Luebeck
🇩🇪
Luebeck, Schleswig Holstein, Germany
Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Klinik fuer Allgemeine Innere Medizin
🇩🇪
Kiel, Schleswig Holstein, Germany
Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia IRCC Candiolo
🇮🇹
Candiolo, Torino, Italy
Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin - Campus Charite Mitte
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Berlin, Germany
Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G.Pascale
🇮🇹
Napoli, Italy
Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre
🇪🇸
Madrid, Spain
Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron
🇪🇸
Barcelona, Spain
University of Pittsburgh
🇺🇸
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
🇺🇸
Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Shizuoka Cancer Center
🇯🇵
Shizuoka, Shizuoka-Ken, Japan