Tobacco and Socioeconomic Disadvantage

Phase 4

Completed

Interventions: Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing
Behavioral: Referral Only
Drug: Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling

Brief Summary: Randomized clinical trial comparing 3 brief interventions designed to increase motivation to quit smoking in socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers.

Detailed Description: The investigators propose a randomized clinical trial comparing 3 brief interventions designed to increase motivation to quit smoking in socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive a) A brief motivational interviewing intervention, b) A nicotine replacement therapy sampling intervention, or c) A referral-only intervention.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Participants must be between the age of 19 and 65
Participants must self-report being a daily smoker and provide biochemical verification of smoking status (expired breath carbon monoxide reading >5)
Participants must be at socioeconomic disadvantage, defined as receiving services at a New Brunswick, New Jersey based social services agency (i.e., living in New Brunswick Housing Authority-run public housing units or requesting social services from the community social service agency, "Elijah's Promise")
Participants must be able to speak and read English.

Exclusion Criteria

Participants may not be taking FDA approved smoking cessation or anti-psychotic medications
Participants may not reported medical issues of potential concern to nicotine replacement users (e.g., unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or significant cardiac arrythmia (including atrial fibrillation) in the past 30 days)
Participants may not report pending legal issues with potential to result in incarceration.
Participants may not be pregnant or nursing, planning on becoming pregnant in the next two months, and must be using effective birth control.

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Motivational Interviewing	Motivational Interviewing	35 minute individual motivational interviewing intervention concluding with a written referral sheet for a local smoking cessation clinic and the New Jersey State Quit Line
Referral Only	Referral Only	Participants are provided with a written referral sheet for a local smoking cessation clinic and the New Jersey State Quit Line.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling	Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling	Participants are provided with a 2-week supply of nicotine patches and a 2 week supply of nicotine lozenges with a recommendation to try them and are also given a written referral sheet for a local smoking cessation clinic and the New Jersey State Quit Line.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Self-reported Serious Quit Attempt Measured Via the 'Quitting Preparation and Actions Questionnaire'	30 days	A self-described "serious" attempt to quit smoking cigarettes since the initial study appointment, measured by the "Quitting Preparation and Actions Questionnaire."
Self-reported Treatment Seeking Measured Via the 'Quitting Preparation and Actions Questionnaire'	30 days	Self-reported contact with one of two treatment referrals provided at intervention since the time of the initial study appointment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Importance, Confidence, & Readiness Questionnaire	30 days	Motivation and Self-efficacy for quitting smoking measured via Importance, Confidence, \& Readiness Questionnaire" (rated on a 0 to 10 scale with higher numbers indicating greater importance, confidence, or readiness to quit)
Self-reported Cigarettes Per Day	30 days	Self-reported cigarettes smoked per day; abstinence to be biochemically verified with carbon monoxide \< 5ppm
Readiness to Quit Ladder	30 days	"Readiness to Quit Ladder" (with 10 non-numbered choices, ranging from 0 to 10 reflecting varying degrees of readiness to quit smoking; higher numbers reflect greater readiness to quit smoking)