Dopamine synthesis capacity in patients with borderline personality disorder and auditory verbal hallucinations

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Withdrawn

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 63

Inclusion Criteria

BPD patients
Patients can participate within the BPD group if they fulfil the following
criteria: 1. BPD with the aid of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5
Personality Disorders, 2. Age 18 to 60 years, 3. Persistent AVH in a frequency
of at least weekly for a duration of 6 months, 4. Female patients are not
pregnant. 5. Patients did not participate in a scientific research study during
the last six months involving radiation (or any other form of exposure to the
same amount of radiation within the past year via e.g., transatlantic flights),
6. Have no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-incompatible implants in the body
(such as an insulin-pump, pace-maker, or non-removable piercings). 7. Have no
metal particles in their eyes. 8. Have no tattoo*s containing red pigments
which could form a safety risk during the MRI-scan, 9. No schizophrenia or
schizoaffective disorder 10. No use of methylphenidate or dexamphetamine,
haloperidol or valproic acid, carbidopa, glucagon and reserpine, 11. Being able
to answer questions, 12. No claustrophobia, 13. Mentally competent.
If the diagnoses have been made longer than 4 years prior to inclusion, the
SCID 5 and MINI Plus will be used again to confirm the criteria for inclusion.

Schizophrenia group:
Patients can participate within the schizophrenia group if they fulfil the
following criteria: 1. Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, diagnosed
with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus, 2. Age 18 to 60
years, 3. Persistent AVH in a frequency of at least weekly for a duration of 6
months, 4. Female patients are not pregnant. 5. Patient did not participate in
a scientific research study during the past year involving radiation (or any
other form of exposure to the same amount of radiation within the last six
months via e.g., transatlantic flights), 6. Have no MRI-incompatible implants
in the body (such as an insulin-pump, pace-maker, or non-removable piercings).
7. Have no metal particles in their eyes. 8. Have no tattoo*s containing red
pigments which could form a safety risk during the MRI-scan, 9. No BPD, and
10. No use of methylphenidate or dexamphetamine, haloperidol or valproic acid,
carbidopa, glucagon and reserpine, 11. Being able to answer questions 12. No
claustrophobia, 13. Mentally competent.
Patients do not need to be antipsychotic free as antipsychotics do not affect
dopamine synthesis (Jauhar et al., 2019).

Healthy controls
Participants were included in the group of healthy controls if they fulfil the
following criteria: 1. No DSM 5 diagnosis of current or past psychiatric
disorder or substance dependence other than nicotine dependence, investigated
with the SCID-5-PD and MINI Plus, 2. Age 18 to 60 years, 3. No AVH in the last
year prior to this study, 4. Female patients are not pregnant. 5. Patient did
not participate in a scientific research study during the last six months
involving radiation (or any other form of exposure to the same amount of
radiation within the past year via e.g., transatlantic flights), 6. Have no
MRI-incompatible implants in the body (such as an insulin-pump, pace-maker, or
non-removable piercings). 7. Have no metal particles in their eyes. 8. Have no
tattoo*s containing red pigments which could form a safety risk during the
MRI-scan and 9. No psyc

Exclusion Criteria

see inclusion criteria

Study & Design

Study Type: Observational invasive

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>Dopamine synthesis capacity as determined by F-DOPA PET </p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>• Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (Kay et al., 1988)<br /><br>• Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences (Rosell et al., 2019)<br /><br>• Dissociative Experiences Scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986)<br /><br>• Jeugd Trauma Vragenlijst (Bernstein et al., 1997)<br /><br>• Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (Raine, 1991)<br /><br>• Outcome Questionnaire 45 (Boswell et al., 2013)<br /><br>• Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis (Peters et al., 2014)<br /><br>• Glutamate and glutamine concentrations<br /><br>• PRAAT language test<br /><br>• Shadowing task</p><br>