Dietary Treatment Study of Fat Synthesis and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Not Applicable

Interventions: Other: High sugar/meal feed
Other: High sugar/ 3 meals a day
Other: High fat/meal feed
Other: High sugar/nibble
Other: High fat/nibble
Other: High fat/ 3 meals a day

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to find out how the amount of fat or sugar in a person's diet, or the number of meals eaten each day, affect the amount of fat that people's bodies make, the types of fats in the bloodstream, and how much fat is stored in the liver. The study is funded by the National Institutes of Health.

Detailed Description: The study consists of two 10-day feeding periods that are separated by approximately two weeks. During each feeding period all food and beverages to be consumed will be provided by the study.

In Study 1, participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of two diets. Both diets are designed to maintain weight at a constant level. The diets are balanced nutritionally and have the same amount of protein. One diet has higher amounts of sugar, while the other has higher amounts of fat. For one 10-day period, the diet will be fed as two large meals ('meal-feeding'). For the other 10-day period, the identical diet will be fed as 8 small meals ('nibbling'). Half of the participants will meal-feed first, while the other half will 'nibble' first. The order of nibbling or meal feeding will be determined randomly.

In Study 2, the number of meals eaten per day will remain fixed at three (no nibbling or meal feeding). Participants will receive both the diet higher in sugar and the diet higher in fat. However, they will be randomly assigned to start one followed by the other for each 10-day feeding period.

At the end of each 10-day feeding period, participants will spend two nights in a research ward (Clinical Research Center) to undergo testing.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
High sugar/nibble	High sugar/meal feed	Diet high in simple sugar fed as 8 small meals daily
High sugar/nibble	High sugar/nibble	Diet high in simple sugar fed as 8 small meals daily
High fat/ 3 meals a day	High sugar/ 3 meals a day	Diet high in fat fed as 3 meals a day
High sugar/meal feed	High sugar/nibble	Diet high in simple sugar fed as two large meals daily
High fat/meal feed	High fat/nibble	Diet high in fat fed as two large meals daily
High fat/nibble	High fat/nibble	Diet high in fat fed as 8 small meals daily
High sugar/3 meals a day	High fat/ 3 meals a day	Diet high in simple sugar fed as 3 meals a day
High sugar/meal feed	High sugar/meal feed	Diet high in simple sugar fed as two large meals daily
High fat/ 3 meals a day	High fat/ 3 meals a day	Diet high in fat fed as 3 meals a day
High fat/meal feed	High fat/meal feed	Diet high in fat fed as two large meals daily
High sugar/3 meals a day	High sugar/ 3 meals a day	Diet high in simple sugar fed as 3 meals a day

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Effect of meal composition on fractional de novo lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis)	After 10-day dietary period	Differences between high carbohydrate and high fat diets on postprandial de novo lipogenesis De novo lipogenesis will be measured using stable (not radioactive) isotopes given intravenously and orally during feeding.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Effect of meal frequency on fractional de novo lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis)	After 10-day dietary period	Differences between consuming the same diet as eight small meals per day or two larger meals per day on postprandial de novo lipogenesis. Please see description of measurement of de novo lipogenesis under aim 1.

Locations (1): University of California, San Franciso, San Francisco General Hospital
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San Francisco, California, United States

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