High-Intensity Interval Training and Performance
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Interventions
- Behavioral: High-Intensity Interval Training
- Registration Number
- NCT05821504
- Lead Sponsor
- Kennesaw State University
- Brief Summary
The goal of this clinical trial was to compare to different types of high-intensity interval training in young, healthy females. The main questions were: Will changes in body composition differ between the two interventions? Will changes in endurance and muscle performance differ between the two interventions? Participants were randomized to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training involving body weight, plyometric exercises or cycling only. Researchers compared changes in endurance performance, body composition, and muscle performance to determine if there were differences between groups.
- Detailed Description
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- and cycle-oriented high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of twice weekly plyometric (n = 15) or cycling (n = 15) high-intensity interval training. The plyometric-oriented Les Mills BODYATTACK program was used for the plyometric group whereas Les Mills SPRINT, which exclusively involves stationary cycling, represented the cycling group. Both protocols involved alternating high-intensity and recovery intervals, and participants were consistently instructed to give maximal effort during the 'work' periods.
The 30 min plyometric routines included four blocks of high-intensity exercise intervals. The 'work' portions consisted of the following exercises: high-knee runs, plyometric lunges, jumping jacks, squat jumps, burpees, and speed-agility patterns. The recovery periods consisted of complete rest (transitioning between exercises), a light jog, or a low impact stepping motion. On average, participants were instructed to give maximal effort for 1-2 min, with recovery intervals of 15-45 sec. Four separate routines were used throughout the duration of the study, keeping one routine per week; participants completed each routine a total of 4 times within a session.
The 30 min cycling routines were performed on upright stationary bikes (Schwinn, AC Performance, Chicago, IL). Protocols involved 'work' ranging from 20-80 sec with recovery intervals between 10-60 sec. Recovery intervals consisted of complete rest on bike or particularly slow cycling. Resistance and cycling speed were relatively variable across sessions, with some intervals of higher resistance and lower speed and others involving lower resistance and higher speed (e.g., \>120 RPMs). The same four workouts were used throughout the duration of the study alternating each week.
Body composition (4-compartment model), VO2peak, countermovement jump performance, muscle size and echo intensity (muscle quality) as well as strength and power of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured before and after training. Body composition testing was completing using dual-energy x-ray absorpiometry, air displacement plethysmogrphay, and bioeletrical impedance. VO2peak was measured using a standardized maximal exercise test on a treadmill. Countermovement jump height and power was recorded with participants performing jumps on a force plate. Muscle size and quality were determined using non-invasive ultrasonography. Finally, serum growth hormone responses to the VO2peak test were measured before and after the protocols.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Female
- Target Recruitment
- 30
- Between 18-35 years of age
- Female
- Currently participating in 2-4 days of structured exercise for 30-75 minutes for the last 6 months
- Currently participating in these exercise formats (2x/week within last 3 months)
- Engaging in high intensity interval training for more than 30 min/week
- Have diagnosed disorders/diseases in the following: cardiovascular, pulmonary, immunological, or metabolic
- Current musculoskeletal injuries
- Pregnant or think you may be pregnant
- Currently taking any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s) or steroidal drug(s)
- Currently a smoker or has consistently smoked within the last year
- Has a positive written or verbal pre-study drug screen including alcohol (more than 7 drinks/week), THC/cannabinoids, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opioids, phencyclidine, barbiturates, cotinine.
- Currently taking any medication that will significantly affect your heart rate response to exercise
- If you miss four or more classes, you will be excluded from the study
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Plyometric High-Intensity Interval Training High-Intensity Interval Training This group performed high-intensity interval training consisting of body-weight, plyometric exercises involving jumping. Cycling High-Intensity Interval Training High-Intensity Interval Training This group performed high-intensity interval training consisting of cycling exercise.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Muscle composition at baseline Pre-intervention echo-intensity value derived from ultrasound that indicates the amount of fat infiltration in muscle
Muscle composition after 8-week intervention At week 9 echo-intensity value derived from ultrasound that indicates the amount of fat infiltration in muscle
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Peak torque at baseline Pre-intervention Strength of a muscle
Time to peak torque after 8-week intervention At week 9 How quickly muscle torque is generated
Countermovement jump height at baseline Pre-intervention Height of jump
Muscle power at baseline Pre-intervention Product of torque and velocity as determined on a dynamometer
Time to peak torque at baseline Pre-intervention How quickly muscle torque is generated
Fat mass at baseline Pre-intervention Amount of fat tissue a person possesses
Maximal oxygen consumption at baseline Pre-intervention Standard measure of maximal oxygen consumption or peak aerobic capacity during exercise
Body fat percentage after 8-week intervention At week 9 Relative amount of body fat a person possesses
Muscle cross-sectional area after 8-week intervention At week 9 The size of a muscle
Fat mass after 8-week intervention At week 9 Amount of fat tissue a person possesses
Countermovement jump height after 8-week intervention At week 9 Height of jump
Peak torque after 8-week intervention At week 9 Strength of a muscle
Group average growth hormone response (concentration at microLiters/Liters) at baseline Pre-intervention The acute, exercise-induced response for growth hormone
Group average growth hormone response (concentration at microLiters/Liters) after 8-week intervention At week 9 The acute, exercise-induced response for growth hormone
Maximal oxygen consumption after 8-week intervention At week 9 Standard measure of maximal oxygen consumption or peak aerobic capacity during exercise
Body fat percentage at baseline Pre-intervention Relative amount of body fat a person possesses
Fat-free mass at baseline Pre-intervention Amount of non-fat tissue a person possesses
Fat-free mass after 8-week intervention At week 9 Amount of non-fat tissue a person possesses
Muscle cross-sectional area at baseline Pre-intervention The size of a muscle
Muscle power after 8-week intervention At week 9 Product of torque and velocity as determined on a dynamometer
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Kennesaw State University
🇺🇸Kennesaw, Georgia, United States