Postprandial amino acid profiles and gastric protein coagulation after consumption of milk and plant-based alternatives: an exploratory study.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Withdrawn

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 12

Inclusion Criteria

Male
Age between 18 and 45 years
BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2
Apparently healthy (self-reported)
Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and consenting to
informing their general practitioner about this.

Exclusion Criteria

Allergy or intolerance for cow milk, lactose and/or gluten (self-reported)
Gastric disorders or regular gastric complaints, for example heartburn Use of
medication which alters the normal functioning of the stomach, such as: o
Medical drug use that influences the GI tract's normal function, e.g. motility,
pH etc.: among others use of protein pump inhibitors, antacids,
anti-depressants etc. (judged by study doctor) o Medical drug use that
influences the GI tract's microbiota: antibiotic use within one month prior to
the pre-study screening day (judged by study doctor) Smoking (>2
cigarettes/week) Having a chronic illness that could affect food digestion and
nutrient absorption including but not limited to kidney disease, thyroid
disease and diabetes mellitus (self-reported) Alcohol consumption of more than
14 glasses/week Following a vegan diet Having a chronic illness that could
affect food digestion and nutrient absorption including but not limited to
kidney disease, thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus (self-reported). Having a
contra-indication to MRI scanning, including, but not limited to: o Pacemakers
and defibrillators o Intraorbital or intraocular metallic fragments o
Ferromagnetic implants o Claustrophobia Having given blood donation in the past
two months Hb value below 8.5 mmol/l Participating in other research during the
study period Not having a general practitioner

Study & Design

Study Type: Observational invasive

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>Postprandial plasma amino acid profiles over time</p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>Gastric protein coagulation (change from t=5 over time)<br /><br>Gastric content volume (mL) (amount over time)<br /><br>Time to peak amino acid concentration (min)<br /><br>Postprandial glucose and insulin (change in concentration from baseline over<br /><br>time)<br /><br>Postprandial FGF21 (amount over time)<br /><br>Appetite and wellbeing verbally rated on a scale from 0 to 100<br /><br>MRI markers of digestion (MT, T2)</p><br>