Analgesic Effect of Bilateral Subcostal Quadratus Lumborum Block in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
- Conditions
- AnesthesiaRegional AnesthesiaPost Operative Pain
- Interventions
- Procedure: Bilateral ultrasound guided Subcostal Quadratus Lumborum BlockProcedure: Control
- Registration Number
- NCT06653439
- Lead Sponsor
- Ondokuz Mayıs University
- Brief Summary
Effective postoperative pain management is crucial for promoting early recovery and ambulation following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Regional anesthesia techniques, like interfascial plane blocks, are increasingly being used to achieve this. The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a relatively new approach in abdominal surgeries, providing significant pain relief by blocking both somatic and sympathetic nerves. In particular, the anterior QLB technique allows local anesthetic to spread to the thoracic paravertebral space, making it potentially more effective for postoperative analgesia. The hypothesis of this study is that bilateral subcostal anterior QLB can reduce both postoperative pain and opioid consumption in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
- Detailed Description
Postoperative pain management is a critical factor in enhancing recovery and ambulation following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Effective analgesia is necessary to reduce complications, improve patient comfort, and shorten hospital stays. In this context, multimodal analgesia is a commonly used strategy that combines various analgesic drugs, such as paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids, to manage pain more effectively by targeting different pathways.
Although opioids are considered the gold standard for postoperative pain control, their use is associated with several undesirable side effects, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, constipation, and respiratory depression. These opioid-related complications can delay recovery, increase patient discomfort, and extend hospital stays. Therefore, minimizing opioid consumption while still providing effective pain relief is a primary goal in postoperative pain management, particularly for surgeries such as laparoscopic colorectal procedures.
To achieve this goal, regional anesthesia techniques have gained increasing popularity. These techniques, such as interfascial plane blocks, have the potential to reduce opioid use and improve pain control by targeting specific nerve pathways. One of the more recent approaches is the quadratus lumborum block (QLB), which involves the injection of local anesthetics near the quadratus lumborum muscle. This block is particularly useful in abdominal surgeries because it can provide pain relief by affecting both somatic and sympathetic nerves, leading to broader and more effective pain coverage.
The QLB has four different approaches: anterior, lateral, posterior, and intramuscular. The anterior QLB is of particular interest in this setting because it involves the injection of local anesthetic between the quadratus lumborum and psoas muscles, potentially allowing the anesthetic to spread into the thoracic paravertebral space. This spread could result in the blockade of both the somatic nerves and the thoracic sympathetic chain, offering more comprehensive pain relief that is beneficial for abdominal surgeries like colorectal procedures.
The potential advantages of the anterior QLB in laparoscopic colorectal surgery include reduced postoperative pain, decreased opioid consumption, and fewer opioid-related side effects. Additionally, regional anesthesia techniques like QLB may reduce postoperative complications, including respiratory issues, which are particularly important in abdominal surgeries that involve the diaphragm and lower thoracic nerves.
In this study, the hypothesis is that bilateral subcostal anterior QLB, administered during laparoscopic colorectal surgery, will significantly reduce both postoperative pain and the need for opioids.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Bilateral subcostal anterior QLB on postoperative acute pain scores (0-24 hours) and 24- hour opioid consumption in patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Our study, which the investigators think will contribute to the literature, was planned as a prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel-group study.
Patients will be divided into two groups:
Group S-QLB:
A bilateral S-QLB (20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine + 1:400.000 adrenaline, bilaterally) will be performed. In addition, IV morphine-PCA will be applied postoperatively for 24 hours.
Group Control :
IV morphine-PCA will be applied postoperatively for 24 hours.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 60
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Group S-QLB Bilateral ultrasound guided Subcostal Quadratus Lumborum Block A bilateral S-QLB (20 ml, %0.25 bupivacaine, bilaterally) + IV morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) Group S-QLB IV morphine PCA A bilateral S-QLB (20 ml, %0.25 bupivacaine, bilaterally) + IV morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) Group Control Control IV morphine PCA Group Control IV morphine PCA IV morphine PCA
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Cumulative opioid consumption in the first 24 hours after surgery Postoperative day 1 The primary outcome will be defined as cumulative opioid consumption during the first 24 hours following surgery, which will be calculated in intravenous morphine milligram equivalents (IV-MME), encompassing both PCA-administered morphine and rescue intravenous tramadol, according to the standardized ESAIC conversion guidelines. Patients can request opioids via a PCA device when their NRS score is≥ 4.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Heart Rate Postoperative day 1 Intraoperative heart rate values were recorded at predefined intervals to assess hemodynamic stability.
Cumulative opioid consumption in the first 12 hours after surgery Postoperative 12 hours. The secondary outcome will be defined as cumulative opioid consumption during the first 12 hours following surgery, calculated in intravenous morphine milligram equivalents (IV-MME). This will include both PCA-administered morphine and rescue intravenous tramadol, in accordance with the standardized ESAIC conversion guidelines. Patients may request opioids using a PCA device when their NRS score is ≥ 4.
Intraoperative Remifentanil Consumption The remifentanil consumption will be recorded from anesthesia induction until the patient is referred to the recovery unit, up to 150 minutes. Total intraoperative remifentanil consumption will be recorded in micrograms (µg) from the start of anesthesia induction until the end of surgery.
Numerical Rating Scale Assessment of Postoperative Pain Postoperative day 1 Pain scores will be assessed using the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 represents the worst imaginable pain. Evaluations will be performed both at rest (static) and during coughing or deep breathing (dynamic). Assessments will be conducted in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after extubation and once communication is established, and subsequently at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively.
Time to First Opioid Demand via PCA Postoperative day 1 Defined as the time elapsed from the patient's arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to the first patient-initiated opioid request via the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device.
Extent of Sensory Block From block administration to 30 minutes post-procedure. Sensory block success was evaluated using a 3-point scale via pinprick testing of dermatomes T7 to L1 every 5 minutes after block administration. A successful block was defined as a sensory score ≥1. In all patients, a final dermatomal assessment was performed at the 30th minute to confirm block effectiveness, and the extent of dermatomal spread was documented.
The patient number of Rescue antiemetic Requirement Postoperative day 1 All patients received standard prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), including 8 mg IV dexamethasone before induction and 0.15 mg/kg IV ondansetron (based on ideal body weight) approximately 20 minutes before the end of surgery. PONV was assessed at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after extubation using a 5-point scale (0 = no nausea to 4 = multiple episodes of vomiting). Patients with a PONV score ≥3 received rescue treatment with 10 mg IV metoclopramide in 100 mL normal saline via slow infusion. The number of patients requiring rescue antiemetic therapy was recorded.
The number of patients with complications Postoperative 7 days on an average The number of patients has any complications -directly related to the block or the drug used in the block- will be recorded
Mean Arterial Pressure Postoperative day 1 Intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) values were recorded at predefined intervals to assess hemodynamic stability.
Time to First Mobilization Postoperative day 3 Defined as the time (in hours) from the end of surgery until the patient is first able to stand and ambulate postoperatively.
Time to First Flatus Postoperative day 3 Defined as the time (in hours) from the end of surgery to the first passage of flatus, serving as a clinical marker of return of bowel function.
Time to First Oral Intake Postoperative day 3 Defined as the time (in hours) from the end of surgery until the initiation of postoperative oral nutrition.
Length of Hospital Stay Postoperative day 10 Defined as the total postoperative hospital stay, measured in days, from the end of surgery until the patient meets institutional discharge criteria and is discharged from the hospital.
The number of patients who required rescue analgesia. Postoperative day 1 The number of patients who required additional IV tramadol due to breakthrough pain (NRS ≥4) despite PCA use.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Ondokuz Mayis University
🇹🇷Samsun, Turkey
Ondokuz Mayis University🇹🇷Samsun, Turkey