Impact of smoking on gums

Completed

• Conditions: Periodontial disease is a leucocyte-mediated inflammatory disease characterised by inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth induced by micro-organisms that stimulate the host immune and inflammatory responses.; Oral Health; Periodontial disease

• Registration Number: ISRCTN13030013
• Lead Sponsor: Ondokuz Mayis University

Brief Summary

1. 2015 results in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446985 (added 22/01/2019)

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Results First Posted: 1900-01-01
• Study Completion: 2014-03-30
• Study Start: 2015-02-04
• Last Update Posted: 11 February 2019

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 30

Inclusion Criteria

1. Smokers (= 5 years of duration and = 15 cigarettes per day)
2. Non-smokers (never smoked)
3. Age = 18 years old
4. = 16 teeth

Exclusion Criteria

1. History of cancer
2. History of rheumatoid arthritis
3. History of diabetes mellitus
4. History of cardiovascular diseases
5. Compromised immune system
6. Pregnancy
7. Menopause
8. Lactating
9. Ongoing drug therapy that may affect the clinical features of periodontitis
10. Systemic antimicrobials during the 6 weeks preceding the baseline examination
11. Any dental treatment during the past 6 months

Study & Design

• Study Type: Observational
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<br> 1. Silness and Loe plaque index<br> 2. Loe and Silness gingival index<br> 3. Probing pocket depth<br> 4. Clinical attachment level<br> 5. Bleeding on probing<br><br> Clinical measurements will be performed on six sites per tooth (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingua and, disto-lingual) using a Williams periodontal probe calibrated in millimetres on the patient's first visit to have periodontal treatment.<br>