The Effect of Kinesiology Tape Application on Functional Level and Respiratory Function in Intensive Care Unit Patients

Not Applicable

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: İntensive Care Patients
• Interventions: Other: Diaphragmatic kinesiology taping; Other: Accessory respiratory muscle kinesiology taping; Other: Sham kinesiology taping

• Registration Number: NCT06597136
• Lead Sponsor: Istinye University

Brief Summary

Investigation of the effects of respiratory muscles on the early functional system and respiratory function in the kinesiological period in intensive care patients.

Detailed Description

Weakness of respiratory muscles delays weaning from the ventilator, prolongs hospital stay and increases treatment costs. Conventional treatments for respiratory muscles reverse these negative effects. Kinesiology taping has effects that support the muscle to which it is applied, increase circulation and improve its function. Studies have shown positive effects of kinesiology taping applied to COPD patients, and in light of this, it has been predicted that its application to intensive care patients will be beneficial. The results of our study will shed light on the rehabilitation of patients in intensive care and contribute to the literature.

In this study, the investigators aimed to increase the activation of respiratory muscles by taking advantage of the benefits of kinesiology taping in addition to conventional treatment.

Our study, which included a total of 48 participants will consist of 4 groups. Only conventional treatment will be applied to the 1st group, diaphragmatic kinesiology taping will be applied to the 2nd group in addition to conventional treatment, kinesiological taping to the accessory respiratory muscles will be applied to the 3rd group and sham taping will be applied to the 4th group.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2024-05-01
• Status Verified: 2024-09
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-09-12
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-09-12
• Study Start: 2024-09-15
• Study First Posted: 2024-09-19
• Last Update Posted: 2024-09-19
• Primary Completion: 2024-10
• Study Completion: 2024-11-10

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 48

Inclusion Criteria

• Individuals receiving inpatient treatment in intensive care who volunteer to participate in the research or who are allowed by their first-degree relatives if they are unconscious,
• Being over 18 years of age
• Being eligible to receive physiotherapy and rehabilitation from an intensive care physician
• Are in clinically stable condition

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Exclusion Criteria

• Patients with coagulation disorders (PT (Prothrombin Time); INR (International Normalized Ratio) value higher than 1.5 and platelet amount less than 50,000 m³)
• Patients with signs of increased intracranial pressure
• Skin wounds, ulcerations, allergic reactions
• Patients in contact isolation due to infection
• In shock
• Having malignancy
• Having multiple organ failure
• Having visual impairment
• Patients who are unconscious

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SEQUENTIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Diaphragmatic kinesiology taping	Diaphragmatic kinesiology taping	The taping on the diaphragm from the abdomen was performed when the participant was standing and breathed-out and the body was in extension. The base of the tape was about 1 inch below the xiphoid process area. Then the arms were lifted above the head and, with maximum deep inspiration and after maximum rib cage expansion, the tails were applied with 10% tension on the rib cage. Diaphragmatic kinesiology taping will be applied in addition to conventional treatment for 3 days. To evaluate the effectiveness of the application, vital signs, respiratory muscle strength, grip strength, blood gas analysis, dyspnea and fatigue will be evaluated. Additionally, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), Non-Verbal Pain Scale, Glaskow coma scale, Physical Function Test in Intensive Care (PFIT)- CPax (Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool) scales will be used.
Accessory respiratory muscle kinesiology taping	Accessory respiratory muscle kinesiology taping	Tapings of the accessory inspiratory muscles were applied in a sitting posture. Sternocleidomastoideus taping was applied when the neck of the participant was in lateral flexion to the opposite side to be taped and in rotation to the same side; and anterior and medius scalene tapings were applied when the neck of the participant was in the lateral flexion position to the opposite side to be taped. Tapings were repeated on the opposite side.Taping was applied to accessory expiratory muscles in the supine position. While the participant was supporting one leg in the hip and knee flexion position on the bed, the other leg was extended from the bed and the hip was kept in the extension position. The obliquus externus muscle was taped on the side with hip-knee flexion and the obliquus internus muscle was taped on the side with hip extension.In addition to conventional treatment, kinesiology taping will be applied to the accessory respiratory muscles for 3 days.
Sham kinesiology taping	Sham kinesiology taping	Sham kinesiology taping will be applied for 3 days. Sham KT was performed with the same taping material. A 2-blocked I strip was applied vertically to the sternum. The same procedures were followed. To evaluate the effectiveness of the application, vital signs, respiratory muscle strength, grip strength, blood gas analysis, dyspnea and fatigue will be evaluated. Additionally, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), Non-Verbal Pain Scale, Glaskow coma scale, Physical Function Test in Intensive Care (PFIT)- CPax (Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool) scales will be used.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Respiratory Muscle Strength	3 days	For respiratory muscle strength, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) will evaluate using an electronic pressure transducer. MEP is measured from total lung capacity.particularly the diaphragm, while MEPs measure the strength of abdominal and intercostal muscles.; For respiratory muscle strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were evaluated using an electronic pressure transducer. MIP was measured at residual volume, and MEP was measured from total lung capacity
Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale	3 days	Interrater reliability. In many intensive care units, the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale(RASS) is used to assess the level of sedation. This scale is designed with a three-step procedure that can help give a RASS score range of -5 to +4.The RASS score ranges from -5 (unarousable) to +4 (combative), with 0 meaning alert and calm.
SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment)	3 days	It evaluates morbidity through six systems (liver, central nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system,renal and coagulation). For each system, points between 1 and 4 are given and the total score is evaluated between 6 and 24. In this score, as the score increases for each system, organ failure is considered to occur.
Visuel Anaolog Scale	3 days	A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the pain rating scales used for the first time in 1921 by Hayes and Patterson\[1\]. It is often used in epidemiologic and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms.For pain intensity according to VAS, "no pain" is usually rated as 0 points and "worst pain imaginable" as 10 points. Ranges for pain intensity; \<3. mild pain, 3-6 moderate pain, \>6 severe pain
The Glasgow Coma Scale	3 days	It is a tool that healthcare providers use to measure decreases in consciousness. The scores from each section of the scale are useful for describing disruptions in nervous system function and also help providers track changes. It's the most widely used tool for measuring comas and decreases in consciousness.The components of the Glasgow Coma Scale include 4 different scores for the eye-opening response, 5 for the verbal response, and 6 for the motor response. The total score has values between 3 and 15. Three is the worst and 15 is the highest.
APACHE II Score	3 days	It is a general measure of disease severity based on current physiologic measurements, age \& previous health conditions. The score can help in the assessment of patients to determine the level \& degree of diagnostic \& therapeutic intervention.APACHE II total score consists of three subheadings: acute physiology score, age and chronic health assessment; the highest value is 71. Mortality is 25% when the total score is 25, and increases to 80% when the total score is 35 and above.
Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool (CPAx)	3 days	İt is a test used on male and female patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) to assess physical and respiratory function impairments and morbidity.
Body temperature	3 days	The average normal body temperature is generally accepted as 37°C. Some studies have shown that the "normal" body temperature can have a wide range, from 36.1°C to 37.2°C
Blood pressure	3 days	Normal blood pressure for most adults is defined as a systolic pressure of less than 120 and a diastolic pressure of less than 80. Elevated blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure between 120 and 129 with a diastolic pressure of less than 80.
Respiratory rate	3 days	The normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult, for a person at rest, is 12 - 20 breaths per minute. Any person having a breathing rate under 12 or over 25 is considered to be breathing abnormally.
Pulse rate	3 days	The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions.
The Physical Function in ICU Test	3 days	The PFIT-s is a battery outcome measure involving four components: sit to stand assistance, marching on the spot cadence, shoulder flexor and knee extensor strength.
Hand Strength	3 days	Hand muscle strength will be measured with a jamar device
Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale	3 days	It is a categorical scale with a score from 0 to 10, where 0 represents normal breathing and 10 represents maximum dyspnea.
Pa02	3 days	It is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. It is used to evaluate oxygenation.Normal values are 80-100 mmHg.
PaC02	3 days	It is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. It is an indicator of alveolar ventilation. Normal values are 35-45 mmHg.
HCO3	3 days	It is the serum concentration of bicarbonate ion. It is an important buffer in the blood and is used to evaluate the metabolic component of acid-base balance. Standard bicarbonate: It is the bicarbonate value that should be present in the blood under standard conditions (37°C temperature and 40 mmHg PCO2). Normally it is 22-26 mEq/L.
Ph	3 days	It is used to determine the H+ status of the blood. It shows that the patient is in acidosis or alkalosis, but it is not possible to understand the type by pH. Normal values are 7.35-7.45.
Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU	3 days	The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) is a tool used to assess delirium among patients in the intensive care unit. The CAM-ICU assesses for the four features of delirium:Feature 1 is an acute change in mental status or a fluctuating mental status, Feature 2, is inattention, Feature 3,is altered level of consciousness and Feature 4, is disorganized thinking.; patients in the intensive care unit